A targeted gene phylogenetic framework to investigate diversification in the highly diverse yet geographically restricted red devil spiders (Araneae, Dysderidae)

IF 3.9 2区 生物学 Q1 EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY Cladistics Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI:10.1111/cla.12595
Silvia Adrián-Serrano, Martina Pavlek, Miquel A. Arnedo
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Abstract

The family Dysderidae is a highly diverse group of nocturnal ground-dwelling and active-hunter spiders. Dysderids are mostly restricted to the Western Palearctic, and particularly rich and abundant around the Mediterranean region. Interestingly, the distribution of species richness among its 24 genera and three subfamilies is highly biased—80% of its 644 documented species belong to just two genera, Dysdera (326) and Harpactea (211). Dysderidae provides an excellent study case for evolutionary and ecological research. It includes cases of trophic specialization, which are uncommon among spiders, and exhibit other remarkable biological (e.g. holocentric chromosomes), behavioural (e.g. cryptic female choice), evolutionary (e.g. adaptive radiation) and ecological features (e.g. recurrent colonization of the subterranean environment). The lack of a quantitative hypothesis on its phylogenetic structure has hampered its potential as a testing ground for evolutionary, biogeographical and ecological hypotheses. Here, we present the results of a target, multi-locus phylogenetic analysis, using mitochondrial (cox1, 16s and 12s) and nuclear genes (h3, 28s and 18s), of the most exhaustive taxonomic sample within Dysderidae (104 spp.) to date and across related families (Synspermiata) (83 spp.). We estimate divergence times using a combination of fossil and biogeographic node calibrations and use this timeline to identify shifts in diversification rates. Our results support the monophyly of the Dysderidae subfamilies Rhodinae and Dysderinae but reject Harpacteinae as currently defined. Moreover, the clades recovered within Harpacteinae do not support its current taxonomy. The origin of the family most likely post-dated the break-up of Pangea, and cave colonization may be older than previously considered. After correcting for the taxonomic artefacts, we identified a significant shift in diversification rates at the base of the genus Dysdera. Although the unique coexistence of specialist and generalist diets within the lineage could be suggested as the potential driver for the rate acceleration, further quantitative analyses would be necessary to test this hypothesis.

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研究红魔蜘蛛(Araneae, Dysderidae)多样性但受地理限制的目标基因系统发育框架。
蛛形目蛛科(Dysderidae)是一个种类繁多的夜行性地栖和活动性狩猎蜘蛛类群。Dysderids 主要局限于西古北,在地中海地区尤为丰富。有趣的是,其 24 个属和 3 个亚科之间的物种丰富度分布存在很大偏差--644 个记录在案的物种中有 80% 仅属于两个属,即 Dysdera 属(326 个)和 Harpactea 属(211 个)。Dysderidae 为进化和生态研究提供了一个极好的研究案例。其中包括在蜘蛛中并不常见的营养特化现象,并表现出其他显著的生物学特征(如全中心染色体)、行为学特征(如隐性雌性选择)、进化特征(如适应性辐射)和生态学特征(如反复在地下环境中定居)。由于缺乏对其系统发育结构的定量假说,阻碍了其作为进化、生物地理学和生态学假说试验场的潜力。在此,我们利用线粒体基因(cox1、16s 和 12s)和核基因(h3、28s 和 18s),对蝶形花科(104 种)内迄今为止最详尽的分类样本以及相关科(Synspermiata)(83 种)进行了目标多焦点系统发育分析。我们利用化石和生物地理节点校准相结合的方法来估计分化时间,并利用这一时间轴来确定分化率的变化。我们的研究结果支持 Dysderidae 亚科 Rhodinae 和 Dysderinae 的单系性,但否定了目前定义的 Harpacteinae。此外,在 Harpacteinae 中发现的支系并不支持其目前的分类法。该科的起源很可能在泛大陆解体之后,洞穴殖民的时间可能比以前认为的要早。在纠正了分类学上的误差后,我们发现在 Dysdera 属的底部,其多样化率发生了显著的变化。虽然在该类群中,专食和通食的独特共存可能是导致变异率加快的潜在原因,但还需要进一步的定量分析来验证这一假设。
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来源期刊
Cladistics
Cladistics 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
8.60
自引率
5.60%
发文量
34
期刊介绍: Cladistics publishes high quality research papers on systematics, encouraging debate on all aspects of the field, from philosophy, theory and methodology to empirical studies and applications in biogeography, coevolution, conservation biology, ontogeny, genomics and paleontology. Cladistics is read by scientists working in the research fields of evolution, systematics and integrative biology and enjoys a consistently high position in the ISI® rankings for evolutionary biology.
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