Human-specific genetic modifiers of cortical architecture and function

IF 3.7 2区 生物学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Current Opinion in Genetics & Development Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI:10.1016/j.gde.2024.102241
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Abstract

Evolution of the cerebral cortex is thought to have been critical for the emergence of our cognitive abilities. Major features of cortical evolution include increased neuron number and connectivity and altered morpho-electric properties of cortical neurons. Significant progress has been made in identifying human-specific genetic modifiers (HSGMs), some of which are involved in shaping these features of cortical architecture. But how did these evolutionary changes support the emergence of our cognitive abilities? Here, we highlight recent studies aimed at examining the impact of HSGMs on cortical circuit function and behavior. We also discuss the need for greater insight into the link between evolution of cortical architecture and the functional and computational properties of neuronal circuits, as we seek to provide a neurobiological foundation for human cognition.

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大脑皮层结构和功能的人类特异性遗传修饰因子
大脑皮层的进化被认为对人类认知能力的出现至关重要。大脑皮层进化的主要特征包括神经元数量和连接性的增加,以及大脑皮层神经元形态电特性的改变。在确定人类特异性基因修饰因子(HSGMs)方面取得了重大进展,其中一些参与了大脑皮层结构这些特征的形成。但是,这些进化变化是如何支持我们认知能力的出现的呢?在此,我们将重点介绍近期旨在研究 HSGMs 对大脑皮层回路功能和行为影响的研究。我们还讨论了在为人类认知提供神经生物学基础的过程中,深入了解大脑皮层结构的进化与神经元回路的功能和计算特性之间的联系的必要性。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
102
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Current Opinion in Genetics and Development aims to stimulate scientifically grounded, interdisciplinary, multi-scale debate and exchange of ideas. It contains polished, concise and timely reviews and opinions, with particular emphasis on those articles published in the past two years. In addition to describing recent trends, the authors are encouraged to give their subjective opinion of the topics discussed. In Current Opinion in Genetics and Development we help the reader by providing in a systematic manner: 1. The views of experts on current advances in their field in a clear and readable form. 2. Evaluations of the most interesting papers, annotated by experts, from the great wealth of original publications.[...] The subject of Genetics and Development is divided into six themed sections, each of which is reviewed once a year: • Cancer Genomics • Genome Architecture and Expression • Molecular and genetic basis of disease • Developmental mechanisms, patterning and evolution • Cell reprogramming, regeneration and repair • Genetics of Human Origin / Evolutionary genetics (alternate years)
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