Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection outbreak in Guangzhou, China after COVID-19 pandemic.

IF 4 3区医学 Q2 VIROLOGY Virology Journal Pub Date : 2024-08-11 DOI:10.1186/s12985-024-02458-z

Ya Li, Minzhi Wu, Ying Liang, Yihao Yang, Wenyu Guo, Yuezhi Deng, Tao Wen, Caiwei Tan, Cheng Lin, Feifei Liu, Yongping Lin, Qigao Chen

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Abstract

Backgrounds: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is a common pathogen causing respiratory diseases in children. This study aimed to characterize epidemiological and disease severity shifts of M. pneumoniae: infections in Guangzhou, China during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods: Throat swab samples were obtained from 5405 hospitalized patients with symptoms of acute respiratory infections to detect M. pneumoniae. Differences in epidemiological and clinical characteristics of M. pneumoniae: infections were investigated during 2020-2022 and after COVID-19 pandemic (2023).

Results: M. pneumoniae were detected in 849 (15.6%, 849/5405) patients. The highest annual positive rate was 29.4% (754/2570) in 2023, followed by 5.3% (72/1367) in 2022, 1.2% (12/1015) in 2021, and 2.0% (11/553) in 2020, with significantly increasing annual prevalence from 2020 to 2023. M. pneumoniae incidence peaked between July and December post-COVID-19 pandemic in 2023, with the highest monthly positive rate (56.4%, 165/293). Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with M. pneumoniae did not vary between periods during and after COVID-19 pandemic except that patients with M. pneumoniae post-COVID-19 pandemic were more likely to develop fever. Patients with severe M. pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) were more likely to develop respiratory complications, myocardial damage, and gastrointestinal dysfunction than those with non-SMPP. Patients with SMPP had lower lymphocytes, CD3⁺ T cells, CD4⁺ T cells, CD8⁺ T cells, B cells, and higher IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 levels than those with non-SMPP. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens from infected patients were obtained to identify macrolide resistance mutations. Macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae (MRMP) proportion in 2023 was 91.1% (215/236).

Conclusion: Outbreaks of M. pneumoniae: occurred in Guangzhou, China in 2023 upon Non-pharmaceutical interventions easing. Despite the increasing incidence of M. pneumoniae, the disease severity remained similar during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

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COVID-19 大流行后，中国广州爆发肺炎支原体感染。

背景：肺炎支原体（M. pneumoniae）是引起儿童呼吸道疾病的常见病原体。本研究旨在描述 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行期间和之后中国广州肺炎支原体感染的流行病学特征和疾病严重程度的变化：方法：从 5405 名有急性呼吸道感染症状的住院患者中采集咽拭子样本，检测肺炎双球菌。结果：在 2020-2022 年期间和 COVID-19 大流行之后（2023 年），肺炎双球菌感染的流行病学和临床特征的差异进行了调查：结果：在 849 名（15.6%，849/5405）患者中检测到肺炎双球菌。2023 年的年阳性率最高，为 29.4%（754/2570），其次是 2022 年的 5.3%（72/1367）、2021 年的 1.2%（12/1015）和 2020 年的 2.0%（11/553），从 2020 年到 2023 年，年流行率显著上升。肺炎双球菌发病率在 2023 年 COVID-19 大流行后的 7 月至 12 月间达到高峰，月阳性率最高（56.4%，165/293）。在 COVID-19 大流行期间和之后，除了 COVID-19 大流行后的肺炎嗜血杆菌患者更容易发烧之外，肺炎嗜血杆菌患者的临床特征和预后在这两个时期没有差异。重症肺炎双球菌肺炎（SMPP）患者比非重症肺炎双球菌肺炎患者更容易出现呼吸系统并发症、心肌损害和胃肠功能紊乱。与非 SMPP 患者相比，SMPP 患者的淋巴细胞、CD3+ T 细胞、CD4+ T 细胞、CD8+ T 细胞、B 细胞水平较低，IL-4、IL-6、IL-10 水平较高。从感染患者身上获取支气管肺泡灌洗液标本，以确定大环内酯类药物的耐药性突变。2023年，耐大环内酯类药物的肺炎霉菌（MRMP）比例为91.1%（215/236）：结论：在非药物干预措施放松的情况下，2023 年中国广州将爆发肺炎双球菌疫情。尽管肺炎双球菌的发病率不断上升，但在 COVID-19 大流行期间和之后，疾病的严重程度仍然相似。

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来源期刊

Virology Journal 医学-病毒学

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

2.10%

发文量

186

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Virology Journal is an open access, peer reviewed journal that considers articles on all aspects of virology, including research on the viruses of animals, plants and microbes. The journal welcomes basic research as well as pre-clinical and clinical studies of novel diagnostic tools, vaccines and anti-viral therapies. The Editorial policy of Virology Journal is to publish all research which is assessed by peer reviewers to be a coherent and sound addition to the scientific literature, and puts less emphasis on interest levels or perceived impact.