Lateral extrarticular tenodesis enhances outcomes in primary anterior cruciate ligament repair with knotless anchor: 24-Month minimum follow up

Abstract

Background

Previous studies have shown that primary repair of proximal ligament avulsion from the femoral condyle may have reasonable recovery and stability rates after repair. As a result, selecting patients more narrowly and more specifically has been recognized to improve short- and medium-term outcomes.

Purpose

This study aimed to assess the potential benefits of primary repair for acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears with a proximal tear and to evaluate the effect of performing lateral extraarticular tenodesis (LET) in addition to primary repair on patient outcomes.

Study design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

This study was a retrospective cohort study. Thirty-eight patients between the ages of 21 and 40 years who underwent ACL repair surgery within the first 3 weeks after injury due to Sherman type 1 proximal ACL tears were evaluated. Group 1 (n = 18) underwent only primary ACL repair with knotless anchor, while Group 2 (n = 20) had LET with iliotibial band autograft in addition to primary repair. Patients were evaluated using various tests and scoring systems at 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in preoperative and postoperative 6- and 12-month visual analog scale (VAS) scores (P >0.05). However, the 24-month VAS score of Group 1 was statistically significantly higher than that of Group 2 (P <0.05). The preoperative International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score of Group 1 was statistically significantly higher than that of Group 2 (p: 0.004; P <0.05). Group 1 had statistically significantly lower IKDC scores at postoperative 6, 12, and 24 months than Group 2. Similarly, Group 1 had statistically significantly lower Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) and Tegner–Lysholm scores at postoperative 6, 12, and 24 months than Group 2 (P <0.05). The occurrence rate of Lachman positivity in the preoperative period was 28.6% in Group 1 and 33.3% in Group 2.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that performing LET with iliotibial band autograft in addition to primary ACL repair may lead to better outcomes in terms of pain relief, knee function, and stability compared with primary ACL repair alone.