Cyanobacterial Artificial Plants for Enhanced Indoor Carbon Capture and Utilization

Abstract

Indoor carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels are often significantly higher than those outdoors, which is a growing health concern, particularly in urban areas where people spend over 80% of their time indoors. Traditional CO₂ mitigation methods, such as ventilation and filtration, are becoming less effective as outdoor CO₂ levels increase due to global warming. This study introduces a novel solution: cyanobacterial artificial plants that enhance indoor carbon capture while converting CO₂ into oxygen (O₂) and bioelectricity. These artificial plants use indoor light to drive photosynthesis, achieving a 90% reduction in indoor CO₂ levels, from 5000 to 500 ppm—far surpassing the 10% reduction seen with natural plants. In addition to improving air quality, the system produces O₂ and enough bioelectricity to power portable electronics. Each artificial leaf contains five biological solar cells that generate electricity during photosynthesis, with water and nutrients supplied through transpiration and capillary action, mimicking natural plant systems. The system generates an open circuit voltage of 2.7 V and a maximum power output of 140 µW. This decentralized approach offers a sustainable, energy-efficient solution to indoor environmental challenges, providing improved air quality and renewable electricity amid rising global CO₂ levels.