Msh2-Msh3 DNA-binding is not sufficient to promote trinucleotide repeat expansions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract

Mismatch repair (MMR) is a highly conserved DNA repair pathway that recognizes mispairs that occur spontaneously during DNA replication and coordinates their repair. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Msh2-Msh3 and Msh2-Msh6 initiate MMR by recognizing and binding insertion deletion loops (in/dels) up to ∼ 17 nucleotides (nt.) and base-base mispairs, respectively; the two complexes have overlapping specificity for small (1-2 nt.) in/dels. The DNA-binding specificity for the two complexes resides in their respective mispair binding domains (MBDs) and have distinct DNA-binding modes. Msh2-Msh3 also plays a role in promoting CAG/CTG trinucleotide repeat (TNR) expansions, which underlie many neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington’s Disease and Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Models for Msh2-Msh3’s role in promoting TNR tracts expansion have invoked its specific DNA-binding activity and predict that the TNR structure alters its DNA binding and downstream activities to block repair. Using a chimeric Msh complex that replaces the MBD of Msh6 with the Msh3 MBD, we demonstrate that Msh2-Msh3 DNA-binding activity is not sufficient to promote TNR expansions. We propose a model for Msh2-Msh3-mediated TNR expansions that requires a fully functional Msh2-Msh3 including DNA binding, coordinated ATP binding and hydrolysis activities and interactions with Mlh complexes that are analogous to those required for MMR. Article Summary The mismatch repair (MMR) protein complex Msh2-Msh3 promotes trinucleotide repeat (TNR) expansions that can lead to neurodegenerative diseases, while the Msh2-Msh6 complex does not. We tested the hypothesis that Msh2-Msh3’s specific DNA binding activity is sufficient to promote TNR expansions, using a chimeric MSH complex in vivo and in vitro. We found that the Msh2-Msh3-like DNA-binding was not sufficient to promote TNR expansions. Our findings indicate that Msh2-Msh3 plays an active, pathogenic role in promoting TNR expansions beyond simply binding to TNR structures.