Effects of autumn tillage with straw return on soil physical characteristics of corn fields in the eastern loess plateau

IF 3.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Frontiers in Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI:10.3389/fenvs.2024.1362616

Yuchen Fan, Yaqi Yuan, Tao Li, Wen Lin, Xiwang Tang, Gaimei Liang, Nana Li

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Abstract

The implementation of unsuitable tillage practices has the potential to disrupt the structure integrity of the ploughed layer, as well as to influence the physical parameters of the soil. The application of a reasonable tillage method has been demonstrated to result in an improvement in the physical quality of the soil. Three autumn tillage practices have been implemented at the Dongyang Experimental Station of Shanxi Agricultural University since 2016: no-tillage with straw mulch (NTS), autumn rotary tillage with straw incorporation (RTS), and autumn plough tillage with straw incorporation (PTS). The impact of autumn tillage practices on soil physical quality in the 0–30 cm profile of spring corn fields was evaluated following the corn harvest in 2018 and 2019. The results showed that compared to the NTS treatment, the application of RTS was found to have decreased significantly by 9.6%–24.2% in soil bulk density, while it increased significantly by 12.8%–34.0% in total porosity and by 43.5%–146.4% in macroporosity at a depth of 5–10 cm. In comparison to the NTS treatment, the adoption of PTS was found to decrease significantly by 10.7%–30.5% soil bulk density, while it increased significantly by 9.9%–42.7% the total porosity and 23.1%–202.8% the macroporosity at a depth of 0–10 cm. Furthermore, the soil microporosity significantly increase of 7.5%–11.1% under the RTS treatment at the 0–5 cm soil depth and 7.7%–11.2% under the PTS treatment at the 10–20 cm soil depth. Soil physical quality index (SQI) significantly increase under the RTS and PTS treatments, with a 41.26% and 57.57% improvement, respectively, in comparison to the NTS treatment. In summary, the adoption of autumn tillage with straw return (RTS and PTS) demonstrated a reduction in soil bulk density, an increase in soil porosity, macroporosity, and a promotion of capillary porosity, and promoted the improvement of soil physical quality on the Eastern Loess Plateau when compared to no-tillage with straw mulch (NTS).

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秸秆还田秋耕对东部黄土高原玉米田土壤物理特征的影响

采用不合适的耕作方法有可能破坏耕作层结构的完整性，并影响土壤的物理参数。实践证明，采用合理的耕作方法可以改善土壤的物理质量。山西农业大学东阳试验站自 2016 年起实施了三种秋耕方式：秸秆覆盖免耕（NTS）、秸秆掺入秋旋耕（RTS）和秸秆掺入秋犁耕（PTS）。在 2018 年和 2019 年玉米收获后，评估了秋季耕作方法对春玉米田 0-30 厘米剖面土壤物理质量的影响。结果表明，与NTS处理相比，施用RTS后，土壤容重显著降低了9.6%-24.2%，而在5-10厘米深度处，土壤总孔隙度显著增加了12.8%-34.0%，大孔隙度显著增加了43.5%-146.4%。与 NTS 处理相比，采用 PTS 后，土壤容重显著降低了 10.7%-30.5%，而 0-10 厘米深度的总孔隙度显著增加了 9.9%-42.7%，大孔隙度显著增加了 23.1%-202.8%。此外，在 RTS 处理下，0-5 厘米土壤深度的土壤微孔显著增加了 7.5%-11.1%；在 PTS 处理下，10-20 厘米土壤深度的土壤微孔显著增加了 7.7%-11.2%。土壤物理质量指数（SQI）在 RTS 和 PTS 处理下明显提高，与 NTS 处理相比，分别提高了 41.26% 和 57.57%。总之，与秸秆覆盖免耕（NTS）相比，秸秆还田秋耕（RTS 和 PTS）降低了土壤容重，增加了土壤孔隙度、大孔隙度，促进了毛细管孔隙度的提高，促进了东部黄土高原土壤物理质量的改善。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Environmental Science Environmental Science-General Environmental Science

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

8.70%

发文量

2276

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： Our natural world is experiencing a state of rapid change unprecedented in the presence of humans. The changes affect virtually all physical, chemical and biological systems on Earth. The interaction of these systems leads to tipping points, feedbacks and amplification of effects. In virtually all cases, the causes of environmental change can be traced to human activity through either direct interventions as a consequence of pollution, or through global warming from greenhouse case emissions. Well-formulated and internationally-relevant policies to mitigate the change, or adapt to the consequences, that will ensure our ability to thrive in the coming decades are badly needed. Without proper understanding of the processes involved, and deep understanding of the likely impacts of bad decisions or inaction, the security of food, water and energy is a risk. Left unchecked shortages of these basic commodities will lead to migration, global geopolitical tension and conflict. This represents the major challenge of our time. We are the first generation to appreciate the problem and we will be judged in future by our ability to determine and take the action necessary. Appropriate knowledge of the condition of our natural world, appreciation of the changes occurring, and predictions of how the future will develop are requisite to the definition and implementation of solutions. Frontiers in Environmental Science publishes research at the cutting edge of knowledge of our natural world and its various intersections with society. It bridges between the identification and measurement of change, comprehension of the processes responsible, and the measures needed to reduce their impact. Its aim is to assist the formulation of policies, by offering sound scientific evidence on environmental science, that will lead to a more inhabitable and sustainable world for the generations to come.