Economics of Electrowinning Iron from Ore for Green Steel Production

IF 2.5 3区 材料科学 Q3 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI:10.1007/s40831-024-00878-3
Matthew S. Humbert, Geoffrey A. Brooks, Alan R. Duffy, Chad Hargrave, M. Akbar Rhamdhani
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Abstract

The transition to green steel production is pivotal for reducing global carbon emissions. This study presents a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of various green steel production methods, including hydrogen reduction and three different electrolysis techniques: aqueous hydroxide electrolysis (AHE), molten salt electrolysis, and molten oxide electrolysis (MOE). By comparing process flow diagrams, capital and operational expenditures, specific energy consumption, and production footprint, this work provides a high-level assessment of the economic viability of these processes as they mature. The analysis reveals that MOE, despite its ongoing development, offers a promising route for iron production given its ability to process a wide range of ore qualities and the potential to sell electrolyte as a cement product. However, the best balance between deployment ready technology and economic benefit is AHE. Operational challenges are also discussed, such as electrolyte loss and slag handling. We suggest that the sale of by-products like oxygen may not significantly impact the economics due to market saturation. The findings underscore the importance of continued research and development in process optimization to realize the full potential of green steel technologies. All the calculations have been released as supplementary electronic material (MS Excel workbook). The format has been inspired by the techno-economic assessment template (TECHTEST) distributed by the US Dept. of Energy.

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从矿石中电解铁用于绿色钢铁生产的经济学研究
向绿色钢铁生产过渡对减少全球碳排放至关重要。本研究对各种绿色钢铁生产方法进行了全面的技术经济分析,包括氢还原和三种不同的电解技术:氢氧化物水溶液电解 (AHE)、熔盐电解和熔融氧化物电解 (MOE)。通过比较工艺流程图、资本和运营支出、特定能耗和生产足迹,这项研究对这些成熟工艺的经济可行性进行了高层次评估。分析表明,尽管 MOE 仍在不断发展,但由于其能够处理各种矿石质量,并有可能将电解液作为水泥产品出售,因此为铁生产提供了一条前景广阔的途径。然而,在技术部署就绪和经济效益之间取得最佳平衡的是 AHE。我们还讨论了运行方面的挑战,如电解质流失和炉渣处理。我们建议,由于市场饱和,出售氧气等副产品可能不会对经济效益产生重大影响。研究结果强调了在工艺优化方面继续研发以充分发挥绿色钢铁技术潜力的重要性。所有计算结果已作为补充电子材料(MS Excel 工作簿)发布。其格式借鉴了美国能源部发布的技术经济评估模板(TECHTEST)。
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来源期刊
Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy
Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy Materials Science-Metals and Alloys
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
12.50%
发文量
151
期刊介绍: Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy is dedicated to presenting metallurgical processes and related research aimed at improving the sustainability of metal-producing industries, with a particular emphasis on materials recovery, reuse, and recycling. Its editorial scope encompasses new techniques, as well as optimization of existing processes, including utilization, treatment, and management of metallurgically generated residues. Articles on non-technical barriers and drivers that can affect sustainability will also be considered.
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