Multi-Scale and Trans-Disciplinary Research and Technology Developments of Heap Bioleaching

IF 2.2 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Minerals Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI:10.3390/min14080808
Yan Jia, Renman Ruan, Jingkui Qu, Qiaoyi Tan, Heyun Sun, Xiaopeng Niu
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Abstract

Heap bioleaching is considered to be a less energy-intensive metal-extraction technique compared to other methods, making it particularly attractive for low-grade sulfide ores. It has been successfully applied to recovery of copper, gold, and uranium from ores over decades. Despite its seemingly straightforward nature, heap bioleaching can experience failures if the ore is unsuitable or the heap leach process is not thoroughly investigated and well-developed. Therefore, multidisciplinary approaches are essential for research and development in heap bioleaching, as its performance depends on numerous processes operating across a wide range of length scales. This review focused on the current state of knowledge regarding the understanding of multi-scale mechanisms in heap bioleaching and the use of multidisciplinary approaches at different scales to develop the process. The investigation covered various scales, such as atomic and molecular, mineralogy and microbes, reaction particles, heap bioleaching units and full-scale factory production. Different approaches were employed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the microbial molecular structure and metabolism, the structure and reaction of minerals, microbial–mineral interaction, particles and aggregation states, and multiphase flow transfer, as well as laboratory experiments, modeling, industrialization, and operation optimization. We emphasized the need for collaboration among researchers from different disciplines and stress the importance of considering the coupling effects of physical, chemical, and microbiological factors when running heap bioleaching plants. Such collaboration and coupling are vital for successful implementation and optimization of heap bioleaching processes. This paper aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of current research related to heap bioleaching at different scales and disciplines, and gave implications to heap bioleaching technology development.
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堆生物沥滤的多尺度、跨学科研究与技术发展
与其他方法相比,堆生物沥滤被认为是一种能源密集度较低的金属萃取技术,因此对低品位硫化矿特别有吸引力。几十年来,它已被成功应用于从矿石中回收铜、金和铀。尽管堆浸生物萃取技术看似简单明了,但如果矿石不合适,或者堆浸工艺没有经过深入研究和完善,就会出现失败。因此,多学科方法对于堆生物沥滤的研究和开发至关重要,因为其性能取决于在广泛长度范围内运行的众多过程。本综述侧重于了解堆生物沥滤多尺度机制的知识现状,以及在不同尺度上使用多学科方法开发该过程。调查涵盖了各种尺度,如原子和分子、矿物学和微生物、反应颗粒、堆生物沥滤装置和全规模工厂生产。我们采用了不同的方法来全面了解微生物的分子结构和新陈代谢、矿物的结构和反应、微生物与矿物的相互作用、颗粒和聚集状态、多相流传输,以及实验室实验、建模、工业化和操作优化。我们强调了不同学科研究人员之间合作的必要性,并强调了在运行堆生物沥滤工厂时考虑物理、化学和微生物因素耦合效应的重要性。这种合作和耦合对于堆生物沥滤工艺的成功实施和优化至关重要。本文旨在全面概述当前不同规模和学科的堆生物沥滤相关研究,并对堆生物沥滤技术的发展提出建议。
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来源期刊
Minerals
Minerals MINERALOGY-MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
20.00%
发文量
1351
审稿时长
19.04 days
期刊介绍: Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X) is an international open access journal that covers the broad field of mineralogy, economic mineral resources, mineral exploration, innovative mining techniques and advances in mineral processing. It publishes reviews, regular research papers and short notes. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.
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