Temporal characteristics of a 6.2 Ma-long ash-fall history in the NW Pacific

Abstract

Explosive volcanism is one of the most dangerous and far-reaching natural hazards. The largest eruptions are the rarest, so studies of their temporal patterns have to rely on long archives. In this paper, we apply fractal and spectral analyses to the 6.2 Ma-long record of ash-falls at the Detroit Seamount (DS6M), > 600 km east of the Kamchatka Peninsula, NW Pacific, combined with a terrestrial record for the last 30 ka (T30ka). These datasets are the most complete for volcanism in the North Pacific, and DS6M spans all Pleistocene glaciations. In both datasets, events are grouped (Weibull parameter k < 0.84) with no characteristic scale of grouping in the time domain of thousands to millions of years. The fractal dimension of the studied data below the unity may be intrinsic to the volcanism (e.g. as a proxy of fractal composition and topography of a subducting plate) or represent uneven deposition and recovery of tephra. Only for the last 700 ka of DS6M, an increase in the correlation dimension values suggests the applicability of spectral analysis; however, no Milankovitch frequencies have been detected in this dataset. When compared to other North Pacific data for areas repeatedly glaciated in the Middle and Late Pleistocene and to a climate proxy of ¹⁸O isotopic stack LR04, the studied data suggest that variation in timing of ash-falls among the sites predominates over hemispheric-scale climatic forcing. If so, Quaternary glaciations had a limited effect on the timing of large explosive eruptions in North Pacific, still affecting the transit and deposition of erupted material.