Bison sex matters: the potential of proteomic tooth enamel analysis for determination of ancient human subsistence strategies

IF 2.1 2区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI:10.1007/s12520-024-02053-x

Natalia Berezina, Rustam Ziganshin, Ksenia Kolobova, Anastasia Koliasnikova, Stanislav Medvedev, William Rendu, Alexandra Buzhilova

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Abstract

Hunting strategies in the Paleolithic period represent a significant and complex challenge, influencing the lifestyles of early human populations dependent on the seasonal activity of herds. Varying seasonally, a composition of a herd caused changes in the speed of animals movements, their aggressiveness, hides and the fatness and flavor of their meat. The morphological criteria for determining grazer sex and age have long been established in zooarchaeology. However, many traits associated with bison sex are poorly defined for archeozoological collections due to the fragmented and scattered nature of the bone remains. The objective of presented study was to demonstrate the potential utility of proteomic tooth enamel analysis detecting the AmelX and AmelY peptide fragments for prey-sex determination in cases where morphological criteria did not work. In the study, the tooth enamel samples from 18 animals were analyzed, including eight modern specimens of known sex, and ten Pleistocene specimens of unknown sex from four different Paleolithic sites. A blind test conducted for the modern collection yielded a 100% accuracy. This outcome prompted the development of the criteria for sex determination in the bison based on proteomic analysis of tooth enamel.

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野牛的性别问题：蛋白质组牙釉质分析在确定古人类生存策略方面的潜力

旧石器时代的狩猎策略是一项重大而复杂的挑战，它影响着早期人类依赖于兽群季节性活动的生活方式。兽群的组成随季节而变化，这导致动物的运动速度、攻击性、兽皮以及肉的肥瘦和味道都发生了变化。确定食草动物性别和年龄的形态学标准在动物考古学中早已确立。然而，由于野牛骨骼残骸零碎分散，许多与野牛性别相关的特征在考古动物学藏品中并不明确。本研究的目的是证明蛋白质组牙釉质分析检测 AmelX 和 AmelY 肽片段在形态学标准不适用的情况下确定猎物性别的潜在作用。研究分析了 18 种动物的牙釉质样本，包括 8 个已知性别的现代标本和 10 个来自 4 个不同旧石器时代遗址的性别未知的更新世标本。对现代采集的标本进行了盲测，准确率达到 100%。这一结果促进了基于牙釉质蛋白质组分析的野牛性别鉴定标准的制定。

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来源期刊

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

18.20%

发文量

199

期刊介绍： Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences covers the full spectrum of natural scientific methods with an emphasis on the archaeological contexts and the questions being studied. It bridges the gap between archaeologists and natural scientists providing a forum to encourage the continued integration of scientific methodologies in archaeological research. Coverage in the journal includes: archaeology, geology/geophysical prospection, geoarchaeology, geochronology, palaeoanthropology, archaeozoology and archaeobotany, genetics and other biomolecules, material analysis and conservation science. The journal is endorsed by the German Society of Natural Scientific Archaeology and Archaeometry (GNAA), the Hellenic Society for Archaeometry (HSC), the Association of Italian Archaeometrists (AIAr) and the Society of Archaeological Sciences (SAS).