Adaptive immunity to retroelements promotes barrier integrity

Alexandria C Wells, Djalma Souza Lima-Junior, Verena M Link, Margery Smelkinson, Siddharth R Krishnamurthy, Liang Chi, Elisha Segrist, Claudia A Rivera, Ana Teijeiro, Nicolas Bouladoux, Yasmine Belkaid
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Abstract

Maintenance of tissue integrity is a requirement of host survival. This mandate is of prime importance at barrier sites that are constitutively exposed to the environment. Here, we show that exposure of the skin to non-inflammatory xenobiotics promotes tissue repair; more specifically, mild detergent exposure promotes the reactivation of defined retroelements leading to the induction of retroelement-specific CD8+ T cells. These T cell responses are Langerhans cell dependent and establish tissue residency within the skin. Upon injury, retroelement-specific CD8+ T cells significantly accelerate wound repair via IL-17A. Collectively, this work demonstrates that tonic environmental exposures and associated adaptive responses to retroelements can be coopted to preemptively set the tissue for maximal resilience to injury.
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对逆转录病毒的适应性免疫促进屏障完整性
保持组织的完整性是宿主生存的必要条件。这项任务对于持续暴露于环境中的屏障部位至关重要。在这里,我们展示了皮肤暴露于非炎症性异种生物会促进组织修复;更具体地说,暴露于温和的洗涤剂会促进确定的逆源因子重新激活,从而诱导逆源因子特异性 CD8+ T 细胞。这些 T 细胞反应依赖于朗格汉斯细胞,并在皮肤内建立组织驻留。受伤后,逆源特异性 CD8+ T 细胞通过 IL-17A 显著加速伤口修复。总之,这项研究表明,强直性环境暴露和对逆源因子的相关适应性反应可被用于预先设置组织,使其对损伤具有最大的复原力。
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