Medium scale-up synthesis of nanomaghemite as an inhibitor of cadmium uptake in seedlings of Theobroma cacao L

IF 4.8 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of Agriculture and Food Research Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI:10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101295
Mayra A. Arias-Contreras , Noemi-Raquel Checca-Huaman , Enrique Arévalo-Gardini , Cesar O. Arévalo-Hernández , Edson C. Passamani , Juan A. Ramos-Guivar
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Abstract

The aim of this research was to show that the absorption of divalent cadmium ions (Cd2+) in Theobroma cacao L. seedlings can be controlled and adjusted by remediation with maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles (NPs), i.e., leading to the low tolerance limits established by the European Union (EU) in 2014 for Cd in products made from cocoa. The research had two stages; the first one involved the medium scale synthesis of 92 g of 15 nm γ-Fe2O3 NPs via room temperature chemical co-precipitation of ferrous salts and their characterizations using diverse physicochemical techniques. In the second stage, and for the first time, three doses of these γ-Fe2O3 NPs (1, 2, and 4 g) were applied to the substrate of cocoa seedlings of genotypes ICS 39, ICS 95, and CCN 51 for three months of exposure. A morphological analysis revealed non-significant toxic effects on the seedlings’ height, leaf area, and stem diameter among the genotypes and tested doses. The results of the atomic absorption analysis of the treatment with 4 g of γ-Fe2O3 NPs showed a concentration of 0.10 mg kg−1 of Cd2+, a limit lower than the control and the recommended value by the 2014 EU regulation. Thus, the transport and/or absorption of the Cd2+ toxic metal were significantly inhibited, since up to 74 % of Cd2+ uptake in the genotype ICS 95 was experimentally observed. Also, the environmental Fe-dynamics in the seedlings and soils demonstrated no transport of γ-Fe2O3 NPs to the seedlings. Thus, the study found that the Cd2+ adsorption in remediated soil using γ-Fe2O3 NPs involves three steps: electrostatic exchange, Fe-oxide adsorption, and substrate-γ-Fe2O3 NPs complexation and precipitation.

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介质放大合成作为可可豆幼苗镉吸收抑制剂的纳米镁石
本研究的目的是证明可可树幼苗对二价镉离子(Cd2+)的吸收可以通过使用镁锰矿(γ-Fe2O3)纳米粒子(NPs)进行修复来控制和调节,即达到欧盟(EU)于2014年规定的可可制品中镉的低容忍限值。该研究分为两个阶段:第一阶段是通过亚铁盐的室温化学共沉淀法,中等规模合成 92 克 15 纳米的 γ-Fe2O3 NPs,并使用多种物理化学技术对其进行表征。在第二阶段,首次将三种剂量的 γ-Fe2O3 NPs(1 克、2 克和 4 克)施用于基因型为 ICS 39、ICS 95 和 CCN 51 的可可秧苗的基质上,暴露三个月。形态分析表明,不同基因型和测试剂量的可可对秧苗的高度、叶面积和茎直径的毒性影响不显著。对 4 克γ-Fe2O3 NPs 的原子吸收分析结果显示,Cd2+ 的浓度为 0.10 mg kg-1,低于对照组和 2014 年欧盟法规的建议值。因此,Cd2+ 有毒金属的运输和/或吸收受到了显著抑制,因为实验观察到基因型 ICS 95 对 Cd2+ 的吸收率高达 74%。此外,秧苗和土壤中的环境铁动力学也表明,γ-Fe2O3 NPs 没有向秧苗迁移。因此,该研究发现,利用γ-Fe2O3 NPs 在修复土壤中吸附 Cd2+ 包括三个步骤:静电交换、Fe-氧化物吸附以及基质-γ-Fe2O3 NPs 复合和沉淀。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
2.60%
发文量
193
审稿时长
69 days
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