Winter cover crops and irrigation alter soil microbial community composition in an arid cropping system

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pedobiologia Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI:10.1016/j.pedobi.2024.150986

Erik A. Lehnhoff , Caroline R. Toth , Prashasti Agarwal , Ciro Velasco-Cruz , Brian J. Schutte , Omololu John Idowu , Xiufen Li

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Abstract

Cover cropping is a well-established strategy to improve soil health, especially in arid and semi-arid agricultural systems. Benefits to soil health are often mediated via effects of cover crops on soil microbial community structure, function and diversity, crucial for regulating soil biogeochemical cycles, eventually promoting agricultural sustainability. However, limited water availability is a major constraint for both cover crop growth and soil microbial activity. This study sought to characterize and elucidate the shifts in soil microbial community structure in response to different cover crops and differential irrigation treatments using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiling in southern New Mexico. We tested five cover crop treatments: Pisum sativum (Australian winter pea), Hordeum vulgare cv. Stockford (barley), Brassica juncea cv. Caliente 199 (brown mustard), a three-way mix, and a fallow control — in combination with irrigation treatments of one, two, or three irrigation applications — in a split-plot design over two years. Zea mays (sweet corn) was grown as the summer cash crop. We collected soil samples just after cover crop planting in the fall of 2018, following second year cover crop termination but during Z. mays growth in June 2020, and after the second season of Z. mays growth in October 2020. Differential irrigation treatments did not lead to consistent patterns of change under any cover crop or irrigation treatment. However, PLFA parameters in cover cropped compared to winter fallow plots tended to decrease under one and three irrigations but increased with two irrigations. Changes were more common for bacterial than for fungal PLFA biomarkers, and more common in B. juncea and H. vulgare cover crops than in P. sativa or the mix. It is important to note that, while cover crop effects were inconsistent, cover cropping did lead to some shifts in PLFA biomarkers, even in the short two-year period of cover cropping.

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冬季覆盖作物和灌溉改变了干旱耕作系统中的土壤微生物群落组成

覆盖种植是一种行之有效的改善土壤健康的策略，尤其是在干旱和半干旱农业系统中。对土壤健康的益处通常是通过覆盖作物对土壤微生物群落结构、功能和多样性的影响来实现的，这对调节土壤生物地球化学循环至关重要，并最终促进农业的可持续发展。然而，有限的水供应是限制覆盖作物生长和土壤微生物活动的主要因素。本研究试图利用磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）分析方法，描述和阐明新墨西哥州南部土壤微生物群落结构在不同覆盖作物和不同灌溉处理下的变化。我们测试了五种覆盖作物处理：Pisum sativum（澳大利亚冬豌豆）、Hordeum vulgare cv.Stockford（大麦）、Brassica juncea cv. Caliente 199（糙芥菜）、三元混合作物和休耕对照--结合灌溉处理（一次、两次或三次灌溉），采用分小区设计，为期两年。甜玉米是夏季经济作物。我们在 2018 年秋季覆盖作物种植后、2020 年 6 月第二年覆盖作物结束但玉米生长期间以及 2020 年 10 月玉米第二季生长后采集土壤样本。在任何覆盖作物或灌溉处理下，不同的灌溉处理都不会导致一致的变化模式。然而，与冬季休耕地块相比，覆盖作物地块的 PLFA 参数在一次和三次灌溉下呈下降趋势，但在两次灌溉下则呈上升趋势。细菌 PLFA 生物标志物的变化比真菌更常见，B. juncea 和 H. vulgare 覆盖作物比 P. sativa 或混合覆盖作物更常见。值得注意的是，虽然覆盖作物的影响并不一致，但覆盖作物确实导致了 PLFA 生物标志物的一些变化，即使在覆盖作物种植的短短两年时间里也是如此。

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来源期刊

Pedobiologia 环境科学-生态学

CiteScore

4.20

自引率

8.70%

发文量

审稿时长

64 days

期刊介绍： Pedobiologia publishes peer reviewed articles describing original work in the field of soil ecology, which includes the study of soil organisms and their interactions with factors in their biotic and abiotic environments. Analysis of biological structures, interactions, functions, and processes in soil is fundamental for understanding the dynamical nature of terrestrial ecosystems, a prerequisite for appropriate soil management. The scope of this journal consists of fundamental and applied aspects of soil ecology; key focal points include interactions among organisms in soil, organismal controls on soil processes, causes and consequences of soil biodiversity, and aboveground-belowground interactions. We publish: original research that tests clearly defined hypotheses addressing topics of current interest in soil ecology (including studies demonstrating nonsignificant effects); descriptions of novel methodological approaches, or evaluations of current approaches, that address a clear need in soil ecology research; innovative syntheses of the soil ecology literature, including metaanalyses, topical in depth reviews and short opinion/perspective pieces, and descriptions of original conceptual frameworks; and short notes reporting novel observations of ecological significance.