Kempe equivalent list colorings revisited

Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI:10.1002/jgt.23142
Dibyayan Chakraborty, Carl Feghali, Reem Mahmoud
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For a list-assignment <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>L</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $L$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> and an <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>L</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $L$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>-coloring <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>φ</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $\\varphi $</annotation>\n </semantics></math>, a Kempe change is <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>L</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $L$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>-<i>valid</i> for <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>φ</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $\\varphi $</annotation>\n </semantics></math> if performing the Kempe change yields another <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>L</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $L$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>-coloring. Two <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>L</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $L$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>-colorings are <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>L</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $L$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>-<i>equivalent</i> if we can form one from the other by a sequence of <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>L</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $L$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>-valid Kempe changes. A <i>degree-assignment</i> is a list-assignment <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>L</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $L$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> such that <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>L</mi>\n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n \n <mi>v</mi>\n \n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>≥</mo>\n \n <mi>d</mi>\n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n \n <mi>v</mi>\n \n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $L(v)\\ge d(v)$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> for every <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>v</mi>\n \n <mo>∈</mo>\n \n <mi>V</mi>\n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n \n <mi>G</mi>\n \n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $v\\in V(G)$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>. Cranston and Mahmoud asked: For which graphs <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>G</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $G$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> and degree-assignment <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>L</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $L$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> of <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>G</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $G$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> is it true that all the <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>L</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $L$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>-colorings of <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>G</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $G$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> are <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>L</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $L$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>-equivalent? 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Abstract

A Kempe chain on colors a $a$ and b $b$ is a component of the subgraph induced by colors a $a$ and b $b$ . A Kempe change is the operation of interchanging the colors of some Kempe chains. For a list-assignment L $L$ and an L $L$ -coloring φ $\varphi $ , a Kempe change is L $L$ -valid for φ $\varphi $ if performing the Kempe change yields another L $L$ -coloring. Two L $L$ -colorings are L $L$ -equivalent if we can form one from the other by a sequence of L $L$ -valid Kempe changes. A degree-assignment is a list-assignment L $L$ such that L ( v ) d ( v ) $L(v)\ge d(v)$ for every v V ( G ) $v\in V(G)$ . Cranston and Mahmoud asked: For which graphs G $G$ and degree-assignment L $L$ of G $G$ is it true that all the L $L$ -colorings of G $G$ are L $L$ -equivalent? We prove that for every 4-connected graph G $G$ which is not complete and every degree-assignment L $L$ of G $G$ , all L $L$ -colorings of G $G$ are L $L$ -equivalent.

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Kempe 等价表着色再探讨
颜色 a $a$ 和 b $b$ 上的 Kempe 链是颜色 a $a$ 和 b $b$ 诱导的子图的一个组成部分。Kempe 变化是交换某些 Kempe 链颜色的操作。对于一个列表分配 L $L$ 和一个 L $L$ 颜色 φ $\varphi $,如果进行 Kempe 更改能得到另一个 L $L$ 颜色,则 Kempe 更改对 φ $\varphi $ 是 L $L$ 有效的。如果我们可以通过一连串 L $L$ 有效的 Kempe 变换从另一个 L $L$ 着色中得到一个 L $L$ 着色,那么这两个 L $L$ 着色就是 L $L$ 等价的。度赋值是一个列表赋值 L $L$,对于每个 v∈ V ( G ) $v\in V(G)$ 来说,L ( v ) ≥ d ( v ) $L(v)\ge d(v)$ 。克兰斯顿和马哈茂德问对于哪些图 G $G$ 和 G $G$ 的度数赋值 L $L$ 来说,G $G$ 的所有 L $L$ -着色都是 L $L$ -等价的?我们证明,对于每一个不完整的四连图 G $G$ 和 G $G$ 的每一个度数分配 L $L$, G $G$ 的所有 L $L$ -着色都是 L $L$ -等价的。
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