Lower Gondwana palaeobotany and geochemistry of phosphorite occurrence in the north-western part of Ib-River Coalfield, Odisha, India, and their implications

IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Geological Journal Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI:10.1002/gj.5029
Shreerup Goswami, Ramani Ranjan Swain, Neha Aggarwal, Sanghamitra Pradhan, Maya Tripathi, Sangitsarita Nanda, Manoranjan Mishra
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Abstract

The present investigation breaks new ground by examining the Raniganj sediments in the Kendudihi section of the Ib-River Coalfield, Odisha, India. The study identifies a megaflora consisting of 25 species of Glossopteris, Vertebraria indica, stem casts and equisetaceous stems. The microflora is predominantly composed of Striatopodocarpites spp., with a secondary presence of Densipollenites spp. The lithological signatures, including off-white fine-grained sandstone with thin bands of silty shale and grey shale, indicate that these sediments belong to the Late Permian succession of the Lower Gondwana sequence, specifically the Raniganj Formation. The macrofloral assemblage found in the lowermost grey shale can be attributed to the Wordian–Capitanian age, while the microfloral assemblage in the upper silty shale resembles that of the Wuchiapingian-Changhsingian age. Well-preserved palynomorphs and megafossils, along with the abundant occurrence of lath-shaped translucent phytoclasts in the grey and silty shale of the Raniganj sediments exposed in the Kendudihi section, explicitly suggest that the sediments were deposited in proximal, low-energy swampy settings. Additionally, the moderate occurrence of charcoal (20%), along with the existence of degraded organic matter (DOM: 7.6%) and amorphous organic matter (AOM: 16.4%), indicates that the sediments might have been deposited in oxic–dysoxic conditions. The palynological and megafloral studies reveal a warm-temperate climate with low humidity and intermittent spells of hot and cold seasons, associated with abundant rainfall. The occurrence of phosphorite in the form of nodules and thin lenses, as well as biogenic structures at the juncture of the Raniganj and Barren Measures formations, suggests a marine incursion in the area during the deposition of the late Barren Measures and early Raniganj sediments. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis identified fluorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F) as the predominant phosphatic mineral phase in the phosphatic nodule, siltstone and claystone. The Post-Archean Australian Shale composition, normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns of samples from this area, reveals slight positive La (average La anomaly: 1.02) and Gd (average Gd anomaly: 1.05) anomalies and heavy REE enrichment compared to light REE, explicitly indicating a marine environment.

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印度奥迪沙 Ib-River 煤田西北部磷矿的下冈瓦纳古植物学和地球化学及其影响
本研究通过考察印度奥迪沙伊卜河煤田肯杜迪希地段的拉尼甘杰沉积物,开辟了新的领域。该研究发现了一个由 25 种 Glossopteris、Vertebraria indica、茎屑和马齿茎组成的巨型植物区系。岩性特征包括米白色细粒砂岩以及薄薄的淤泥质页岩和灰色页岩带,表明这些沉积物属于下冈瓦纳序列的二叠纪晚期演替,特别是 Raniganj 地层。在最下层灰色页岩中发现的大型植物组合可归属于Wordian-Capitanian时代,而上层淤泥质页岩中的微型植物组合则类似于Wuchiapingian-Changhsingian时代。在 Kendudihi 段出露的 Raniganj 沉积物的灰色和淤泥质页岩中,有大量保存完好的古动物和巨型化石,以及大量的晚期半透明植物碎屑,这些都明确表明这些沉积物沉积于近端、低能量的沼泽环境中。此外,木炭的中等含量(20%)以及降解有机质(DOM:7.6%)和无定形有机质(AOM:16.4%)的存在表明,沉积物可能是在缺氧-缺氧条件下沉积的。古植物学和巨型植物学研究表明,该地区属于暖温带气候,湿度较低,冷热季节交替,雨量充沛。在 Raniganj 地层和 Barren Measures 地层的交界处,出现了结核状和薄透镜状的磷酸盐岩以及生物结构,这表明在 Barren Measures 晚期和 Raniganj 早期沉积物沉积期间,海洋曾侵入该地区。X 射线衍射(XRD)分析确定氟磷灰石(Ca5(PO4)3F)是磷结核、粉砂岩和粘土岩中最主要的磷酸盐矿物相。该地区样本的后阿尔川澳大利亚页岩成分、稀土元素(REE)归一化模式显示出轻微的正 La(平均 La 异常:1.02)和 Gd(平均 Gd 异常:1.05)异常以及重稀土元素富集(与轻稀土元素相比),明确表明了海洋环境。
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来源期刊
Geological Journal
Geological Journal 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
11.10%
发文量
269
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: In recent years there has been a growth of specialist journals within geological sciences. Nevertheless, there is an important role for a journal of an interdisciplinary kind. Traditionally, GEOLOGICAL JOURNAL has been such a journal and continues in its aim of promoting interest in all branches of the Geological Sciences, through publication of original research papers and review articles. The journal publishes Special Issues with a common theme or regional coverage e.g. Chinese Dinosaurs; Tectonics of the Eastern Mediterranean, Triassic basins of the Central and North Atlantic Borderlands). These are extensively cited. The Journal has a particular interest in publishing papers on regional case studies from any global locality which have conclusions of general interest. Such papers may emphasize aspects across the full spectrum of geological sciences.
期刊最新文献
Issue Information Issue Information Reply to Comment on “Singh R, Vadlamani R, Bajpai S & Maurya AS (2024) Strontium Isotope Stratigraphy of Marine Oligocene–Miocene Sedimentary Successions of Kutch Basin, Western India. Geological Journal, 1–20. DOI: 10.1002/gj.4961” Fabrics and Origin of Troctolites in the Keketoukeleke Ultramafic–Mafic Complex, South Altyn Tagh, Northwest China Comment on “Singh R, Vadlamani R, Bajpai S, Maurya AS (2024) Strontium Isotope Stratigraphy of Marine Oligocene–Miocene Sedimentary Successions of Kutch Basin, Western India. Geological Journal, 1–20. DOI: 10.1002/gj.4961”
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