Lead brownfields and birth defects in North Carolina 2003–2015: A cross-sectional case–control study

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Birth Defects Research Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI:10.1002/bdr2.2367

Erik D. Slawsky, Anne M. Weaver, Thomas J. Luben, Kristen M. Rappazzo

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Abstract

Background

Brownfields consist of abandoned and disused sites, spanning many former purposes. Brownfields represent a heterogenous yet ubiquitous exposure for many Americans, which may contain hazardous wastes and represent urban blight. Neonates and pregnant individuals are often sensitive to subtle environmental exposures. We evaluate if residential exposure to lead (Pb) brownfields is associated with birth defects.

Methods

Using North Carolina birth records from 2003 to 2015, we sampled 169,499 births within 10 km of a Pb brownfield with 3255 cardiovascular, central nervous, or external defects identified. Exposure was classified by binary specification of residing within 3 km of a Pb brownfield. We utilized multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for demographic covariates available from birth records and 2010 Census to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Effect measure modification was assessed by inclusion of interaction terms and stratification for the potential modifiers of race/ethnicity and diabetes status.

Results

We observed positive associations between cardiovascular birth defects and residential proximity to Pb brownfields, OR (95%CI): 1.15 (1.04, 1.26), with suggestive positive associations for central nervous 1.16 (0.91, 1.47) and external defects 1.19 (0.88, 1.59). We did observe evidence of effect measure modification via likelihood ratio tests (LRT) for race/ethnicity for central nervous and external defect groups (LRT p values 0.08 and 0.02). We did observe modification by diabetes status for the cardiovascular group (LRT p value 0.08).

Conclusions

Our results from this analysis indicate that residential proximity to Pb brownfields is associated with cardiovascular birth defects with suggestive associations for central nervous and external defects. In-depth analyses of individual defects and other contaminants or brownfield site functions may reveal additional novel associations.

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2003-2015 年北卡罗来纳州含铅棕色地块与出生缺陷：横断面病例对照研究。

背景：棕地由废弃和闲置场地组成，其用途多种多样。对于许多美国人来说，棕地是一种不同类型但无处不在的暴露，其中可能含有危险废物，代表着城市的凋敝。新生儿和孕妇通常对微妙的环境暴露非常敏感。我们评估了居民接触铅（Pb）棕色地块是否与出生缺陷有关：利用北卡罗来纳州 2003 年至 2015 年的出生记录，我们对铅棕地 10 公里范围内的 169499 例新生儿进行了采样，发现其中有 3255 例心血管、中枢神经或外部缺陷。通过居住在含铅棕地 3 公里范围内的二元规范对接触情况进行分类。我们利用多变量逻辑回归模型，并根据出生记录和 2010 年人口普查提供的人口协变量进行调整，以估算赔率比 (OR) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI)。通过纳入交互项以及对种族/人种和糖尿病状况等潜在调节因素进行分层，对效应测量的修正进行了评估：我们观察到心血管出生缺陷与邻近棕色铅污染区居住地之间存在正相关，OR (95%CI)：1.15 (1.04, 1.26)，与中枢神经 1.16 (0.91, 1.47) 和外部缺陷 1.19 (0.88, 1.59) 存在提示性正相关。通过似然比检验（LRT），我们确实观察到种族/人种对中枢神经和外部缺陷组的效应测量有修饰作用（LRT p 值分别为 0.08 和 0.02）。我们确实观察到糖尿病状态对心血管组的影响（LRT p 值为 0.08）：我们的分析结果表明，居住地靠近含铅棕地与心血管出生缺陷有关，与中枢神经和外部缺陷也有提示性关联。对个别缺陷和其他污染物或棕地功能的深入分析可能会发现更多新的关联。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Birth Defects Research Medicine-Embryology

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

9.50%

发文量

153

期刊介绍： The journal Birth Defects Research publishes original research and reviews in areas related to the etiology of adverse developmental and reproductive outcome. In particular the journal is devoted to the publication of original scientific research that contributes to the understanding of the biology of embryonic development and the prenatal causative factors and mechanisms leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes, namely structural and functional birth defects, pregnancy loss, postnatal functional defects in the human population, and to the identification of prenatal factors and biological mechanisms that reduce these risks. Adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes may have genetic, environmental, nutritional or epigenetic causes. Accordingly, the journal Birth Defects Research takes an integrated, multidisciplinary approach in its organization and publication strategy. The journal Birth Defects Research contains separate sections for clinical and molecular teratology, developmental and reproductive toxicology, and reviews in developmental biology to acknowledge and accommodate the integrative nature of research in this field. Each section has a dedicated editor who is a leader in his/her field and who has full editorial authority in his/her area.