The human microbiome in space: parallels between Earth-based dysbiosis, implications for long-duration spaceflight, and possible mitigation strategies.
Sofia Etlin, Julianna Rose, Luca Bielski, Claire Walter, Ashley S Kleinman, Christopher E Mason
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
SUMMARYThe human microbiota encompasses the diverse communities of microorganisms that reside in, on, and around various parts of the human body, such as the skin, nasal passages, and gastrointestinal tract. Although research is ongoing, it is well established that the microbiota exert a substantial influence on the body through the production and modification of metabolites and small molecules. Disruptions in the composition of the microbiota-dysbiosis-have also been linked to various negative health outcomes. As humans embark upon longer-duration space missions, it is important to understand how the conditions of space travel impact the microbiota and, consequently, astronaut health. This article will first characterize the main taxa of the human gut microbiota and their associated metabolites, before discussing potential dysbiosis and negative health consequences. It will also detail the microbial changes observed in astronauts during spaceflight, focusing on gut microbiota composition and pathogenic virulence and survival. Analysis will then turn to how astronaut health may be protected from adverse microbial changes via diet, exercise, and antibiotics before concluding with a discussion of the microbiota of spacecraft and microbial culturing methods in space. The implications of this review are critical, particularly with NASA's ongoing implementation of the Moon to Mars Architecture, which will include weeks or months of living in space and new habitats.
摘要人体微生物群包括居住在人体各部位(如皮肤、鼻腔和胃肠道)内、上和周围的各种微生物群落。尽管研究仍在继续,但微生物群通过产生和改变代谢物和小分子对人体产生重大影响的观点已得到公认。微生物群组成的紊乱--菌群失调--也与各种不良健康后果有关。随着人类开始执行更长时间的太空任务,了解太空旅行的条件如何影响微生物群,进而影响宇航员的健康非常重要。本文将首先描述人类肠道微生物群的主要分类群及其相关代谢物的特征,然后讨论潜在的菌群失调和对健康的负面影响。文章还将详细介绍宇航员在太空飞行期间观察到的微生物变化,重点是肠道微生物群的组成以及致病菌的毒力和存活率。然后将分析如何通过饮食、运动和抗生素保护宇航员的健康免受不利微生物变化的影响,最后讨论航天器微生物群和太空微生物培养方法。这篇综述的影响至关重要,尤其是美国国家航空航天局正在实施的 "从月球到火星架构"(Moon to Mars Architecture),其中将包括数周或数月的太空生活和新的栖息地。
期刊介绍:
Clinical Microbiology Reviews (CMR) is a journal that primarily focuses on clinical microbiology and immunology.It aims to provide readers with up-to-date information on the latest developments in these fields.CMR also presents the current state of knowledge in clinical microbiology and immunology.Additionally, the journal offers balanced and thought-provoking perspectives on controversial issues in these areas.