Artefacts due to putrefactive gas production - an overview.

IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q1 LAW Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI:10.1177/00258024241275894
Roger W Byard
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Abstract

Autolytic and putrefactive processes can cause considerable alterations to soft tissues and internal organs that may complicate forensic assessments. An overview was undertaken of the range of taphonomonic changes and processes that may result from postmortem putrefactive gas accumulation. The most commonly encountered phenomenon was purging of putrefactive fluids from the nose and mouth that was on occasion confused with bleeding from antemortem trauma. Much less common was putrefactive 'rigor mortis' where the limbs extend due to the accumulation of soft tissue and subcutaneous gas. This may sometimes be associated with alteration of the position of a body suggesting that it had been deliberately moved. Distension and stretching of the skin and subcutaneous tissues may cause recently sutured surgical incisions to dehisce, raising the possibility of inflicted incised wounds. Raised intra-abdominal pressures may cause diaphragmatic herniation of small intestine and has been associated with so-called 'coffin birth' where a fetus is expelled from the uterus after death due to pressure on the fundus. Gas accumulation on postmortem computed tomography examination may be confused with air embolism or the effects of trauma. All of these changes are the result of anaerobic bacterial action generating gases such as methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide resulting in pressure gradients.

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腐败气体产生的假象--综述。
自溶和腐败过程可对软组织和内脏器官造成巨大改变,从而使法医评估工作复杂化。我们对死后腐败气体积聚可能导致的一系列尸变和过程进行了概述。最常见的现象是从口鼻排出腐败液体,有时会与死前创伤出血相混淆。较少见的是腐败性 "僵直",即由于软组织和皮下气体积聚导致四肢伸展。这有时可能与尸体位置的改变有关,表明尸体被故意移动过。皮肤和皮下组织的膨胀和拉伸可能会导致新近缝合的手术切口开裂,从而增加了造成切口的可能性。腹腔内压力升高可能会导致小肠横膈膜疝出,并与所谓的 "棺材分娩 "有关,即胎儿死后因胃底受压而从子宫中排出。死后计算机断层扫描检查中的气体积聚可能与空气栓塞或外伤的影响相混淆。所有这些变化都是厌氧细菌作用产生气体(如甲烷、二氧化碳和硫化氢)造成压力梯度的结果。
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来源期刊
Medicine, Science and the Law
Medicine, Science and the Law 医学-医学:法
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
6.70%
发文量
53
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Medicine, Science and the Law is the official journal of the British Academy for Forensic Sciences (BAFS). It is a peer reviewed journal dedicated to advancing the knowledge of forensic science and medicine. The journal aims to inform its readers from a broad perspective and demonstrate the interrelated nature and scope of the forensic disciplines. Through a variety of authoritative research articles submitted from across the globe, it covers a range of topical medico-legal issues. The journal keeps its readers informed of developments and trends through reporting, discussing and debating current issues of importance in forensic practice.
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