Effects of heterogenous forest environments on ground-dwelling beetles in a conifer plantation

IF 0.7 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENTOMOLOGY Entomological Science Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI:10.1111/ens.12584
Akira Ueda, Hiroki Itô, Seiichi Kanetani
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Abstract

It is widely recognized that heterogeneous environments promote biodiversity. Consequently, we investigated whether heterogeneous environments influence the diversity of ground-dwelling beetles within a well-managed conifer plantation forest. We collected carabid beetles, and necrophagous silphid and dung beetles (necrophagous beetles) using pitfall traps at 37 sites with or without fish meat bait. The result of a two-dimensional principal component analysis (PCA) utilizing environmental indices measured at each site suggested that the environmental heterogeneity depended on the survival density of planted conifers, serving as an indicator of historical gap formation levels. Gaps populated by invading broadleaved trees exhibited low canopy opening percentages and understory cover degrees, while those filled by the growth of planted conifers displayed the opposite conditions. The presence of bait had a negligible impact on carabid beetles but significantly influenced necrophagous beetles. No significant relationships were found between the scores of PCA components and the beetle species richness, suggesting that a heterogeneous environment does not increase the beetle species diversities. However, significant relationships were observed with the scores on nonmetric multidimensional scaling axes, indicating that a heterogeneous environment contributes to the complexity of beetle assemblages. The most dominant carabid, Synuchus cycloderus, was abundant in areas where historical gap formation was thought to be more prevalent. Among necrophagous beetles, Pherotrupes laevistriatus and Panelus parvulus preferred habitats with darker environments, in contrast to Onthophagus fodiens and O. nitidus. This study will aid in developing forestry practices aimed at conserving specific ground-dwelling beetle species within conifer plantations.

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异质森林环境对针叶树人工林中地栖甲虫的影响
人们普遍认为,异质环境能促进生物多样性。因此,我们研究了异质环境是否会影响管理良好的针叶林中地栖甲虫的多样性。我们在 37 个有或没有鱼肉饵料的地点使用坑式陷阱收集了食肉甲虫、食尸鞘甲虫和粪甲虫(食尸甲虫)。利用在每个地点测量的环境指数进行二维主成分分析(PCA)的结果表明,环境异质性取决于种植针叶树的存活密度,可作为历史间隙形成水平的指标。由入侵阔叶树填充的空隙显示出较低的树冠开阔度和林下覆盖度,而由种植针叶树填充的空隙则显示出相反的情况。诱饵的存在对食肉甲虫的影响微乎其微,但对食尸甲虫的影响却很大。在 PCA 成分得分与甲虫物种丰富度之间没有发现明显的关系,这表明异质环境不会增加甲虫物种的多样性。然而,在非度量多维标度轴上的得分之间却发现了明显的关系,表明异质环境有助于提高甲虫群落的复杂性。最主要的食肉甲虫--Synuchus cycloderus,在历史缺口形成被认为更为普遍的地区大量存在。在食尸甲虫中,Pherotrupes laevistriatus 和 Panelus parvulus 喜欢较暗的环境,与 Onthophagus fodiens 和 O. nitidus 形成鲜明对比。这项研究将有助于制定旨在保护针叶树种植园中特定地栖甲虫物种的林业措施。
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来源期刊
Entomological Science
Entomological Science 生物-昆虫学
CiteScore
2.00
自引率
11.10%
发文量
30
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Entomological Science is the official English language journal of the Entomological Society of Japan. The Journal publishes original research papers and reviews from any entomological discipline or from directly allied field in ecology, behavioral biology, physiology, biochemistry, development, genetics, systematics, morphology, evolution and general entomology. Papers of applied entomology will be considered for publication if they significantly advance in the field of entomological science in the opinion of the Editors and Editorial Board.
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