Formation of ions under the action of cosmic rays in humid air

IF 1.8 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI:10.1016/j.jastp.2024.106332

Ilya G. Stepanov , Vladimir L. Bychkov , Maxim G. Golubkov

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Abstract

The processes of ion formation in humid tropospheric air under the action of cosmic rays are considered. In this case, positive and negative cluster ions appear. For this analysis, a kinetic model was developed that includes 55 components and 161 reactions. The calculation was carried out using the KINET software package. It is shown that the ionization of air by cosmic rays at altitudes of 5–35 km leads to the formation of plasma consisting mainly of $N H_{4}^{+} \cdot N H_{3} \cdot H_{2} O$ , $H^{+} \cdot {(H_{2} O)}_{4}$ and $O_{2}^{-} \cdot {(H_{2} O)}_{2}$ ions. The maximum concentrations of ions under conditions of minimum magnetic rigidity are observed at altitudes from 10 to 18 km. These results differ sharply from the calculation results obtained for the dry air model.

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潮湿空气中宇宙射线作用下离子的形成

研究了对流层潮湿空气在宇宙射线作用下形成离子的过程。在这种情况下，会出现正团离子和负团离子。为进行分析，开发了一个动力学模型，其中包括 55 个成分和 161 个反应。计算使用 KINET 软件包进行。结果表明，在 5-35 公里的高空，宇宙射线对空气的电离导致等离子体的形成，主要由 NH4+⋅NH3⋅H2O、H+⋅(H2O)4 和 O2-⋅(H2O)2 离子组成。在磁刚度最小的条件下，10 至 18 千米高度处的离子浓度最大。这些结果与干燥空气模型的计算结果大相径庭。

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来源期刊

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 地学-地球化学与地球物理

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

5.30%

发文量

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics (JASTP) is an international journal concerned with the inter-disciplinary science of the Earth''s atmospheric and space environment, especially the highly varied and highly variable physical phenomena that occur in this natural laboratory and the processes that couple them. The journal covers the physical processes operating in the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, ionosphere, magnetosphere, the Sun, interplanetary medium, and heliosphere. Phenomena occurring in other "spheres", solar influences on climate, and supporting laboratory measurements are also considered. The journal deals especially with the coupling between the different regions. Solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and other energetic events on the Sun create interesting and important perturbations in the near-Earth space environment. The physics of such "space weather" is central to the Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics and the journal welcomes papers that lead in the direction of a predictive understanding of the coupled system. Regarding the upper atmosphere, the subjects of aeronomy, geomagnetism and geoelectricity, auroral phenomena, radio wave propagation, and plasma instabilities, are examples within the broad field of solar-terrestrial physics which emphasise the energy exchange between the solar wind, the magnetospheric and ionospheric plasmas, and the neutral gas. In the lower atmosphere, topics covered range from mesoscale to global scale dynamics, to atmospheric electricity, lightning and its effects, and to anthropogenic changes.