{"title":"First report of detection of <i>mcr</i>-1 and virulence genes in avian pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> in the center of Algeria.","authors":"Z Halfaoui, H Rahab, R Achek, M N Menoueri","doi":"10.22099/IJVR.2024.47413.6840","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance in avian pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (APEC) represents a major concern in the avian industry worldwide and limited studies have investigated Colistin resistance among APEC in Algeria.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>Investigate antibiotic resistance, in particular, Colistin, and mediated-Colistin resistance (<i>mcr</i>) genes, as well as the virulence genes in APEC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred <i>E. coli</i> were isolated from poultry suspected of colibacillosis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done on 14 antibiotics by the disk diffusion method. Colistin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was assessed by the broth microdilution method. Using multiplex PCR, <i>mcr</i> genes (<i>mcr</i>-1 to 5) and 7 virulence-related genes were investigated in Colistin-resistant isolates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed high resistance to Tetracycline (99%), Nalidixic acid (92%), Doxycycline (90%), Ampicillin (89%), Ofloxacin (74%), Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (72%), and Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid (57%); in addition, 92% of isolates were multidrug resistant. The rate of resistance to Colistin was 27% (27/100) of which 96.3% (26/27) of isolates carried the <i>mcr</i>-1 gene. Twenty-five of the Colistin-resistant isolates (92.59%) had at least three virulence genes. The most frequently isolated virulence genes were: <i>fim</i> <i>H</i> (96.3%) followed by <i>hlyF</i>, <i>iroN</i>, and <i>iss</i> (77.7%, each), <i>iutA</i> and <i>ompT</i> were found in 59.25% and 55.5% of isolates, respectively. The most prevalent combination of virulence factors was <i>hlyF-iss-iroN-iutA-ompT-fimH</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first report which highlighted Colistin resistance with the detection of <i>mcr-</i>1 in APEC isolates in the area of study. Colistin resistance and carriage of <i>mcr</i>-1 in virulent and multidrug-resistant isolates of <i>E. coli</i> are alarming and a surveillance program to limit the spread of these pathogens is mandatory.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"25 1","pages":"5-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11327648/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.22099/IJVR.2024.47413.6840","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) represents a major concern in the avian industry worldwide and limited studies have investigated Colistin resistance among APEC in Algeria.
Aims: Investigate antibiotic resistance, in particular, Colistin, and mediated-Colistin resistance (mcr) genes, as well as the virulence genes in APEC.
Methods: One hundred E. coli were isolated from poultry suspected of colibacillosis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done on 14 antibiotics by the disk diffusion method. Colistin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was assessed by the broth microdilution method. Using multiplex PCR, mcr genes (mcr-1 to 5) and 7 virulence-related genes were investigated in Colistin-resistant isolates.
Results: Results showed high resistance to Tetracycline (99%), Nalidixic acid (92%), Doxycycline (90%), Ampicillin (89%), Ofloxacin (74%), Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (72%), and Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid (57%); in addition, 92% of isolates were multidrug resistant. The rate of resistance to Colistin was 27% (27/100) of which 96.3% (26/27) of isolates carried the mcr-1 gene. Twenty-five of the Colistin-resistant isolates (92.59%) had at least three virulence genes. The most frequently isolated virulence genes were: fimH (96.3%) followed by hlyF, iroN, and iss (77.7%, each), iutA and ompT were found in 59.25% and 55.5% of isolates, respectively. The most prevalent combination of virulence factors was hlyF-iss-iroN-iutA-ompT-fimH.
Conclusion: This is the first report which highlighted Colistin resistance with the detection of mcr-1 in APEC isolates in the area of study. Colistin resistance and carriage of mcr-1 in virulent and multidrug-resistant isolates of E. coli are alarming and a surveillance program to limit the spread of these pathogens is mandatory.
期刊介绍:
The Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research(IJVR) is published quarterly in 4 issues. The aims of this journal are to improve and expand knowledge in all veterinary fields. It is an international journal indexed by the Thomson Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), Elsevier, Scopus, CAB International, Veterinary Bulletin and several other international databases. Research papers and reports on a wide range of veterinary topics are published in the journal after being evaluated by expert reviewers.The Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the editorial content of the journal—including peer-reviewed manuscripts—and the timing of its publication.