A review of the physiological effects of microgravity and innovative formulation for space travelers.

IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-20 DOI:10.1007/s10928-024-09938-3
Jey Kumar Pachiyappan, Manali Patel, Parikshit Roychowdhury, Imrankhan Nizam, Raagul Seenivasan, Swathi Sudhakar, M R Jeyaprakash, Veera Venkata Satyanarayana Reddy Karri, Jayakumar Venkatesan, Priti Mehta, Sudhakar Kothandan, Indhumathi Thirugnanasambandham, Gowthamarajan Kuppusamy
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Abstract

During the space travel mission, astronauts' physiological and psychological behavior will alter, and they will start consuming terrestrial drug products. However, factors such as microgravity, radiation exposure, temperature, humidity, strong vibrations, space debris, and other issues encountered, the drug product undergo instability This instability combined with physiological changes will affect the shelf life and diminish the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of the drug product. Consequently, the physicochemical changes will produce a toxic degradation product and a lesser potency dosage form which may result in reduced or no therapeutic action, so the astronaut consumes an additional dose to remain healthy. On long-duration missions like Mars, the drug product cannot be replaced, and the astronaut may relay on the available medications. Sometimes, radiation-induced impurities in the drug product will cause severe problems for the astronaut. So, this review article highlights the current state of various space-related factors affecting the drug product and provides a comprehensive summary of the physiological changes which primarly focus on absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). Along with that, we insist some of the strategies like novel formulations, space medicine manufacturing from plants, and 3D printed medicine for astronauts in longer-duration missions. Such developments are anticipated to significantly contribute to new developments with applications in both human space exploration and on terrestrial healthcare.

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回顾微重力的生理影响和针对太空旅行者的创新配方。
在执行太空旅行任务期间,宇航员的生理和心理行为会发生变化,并开始服用地球上的药物产品。然而,由于受到微重力、辐射、温度、湿度、强烈振动、太空碎片等因素的影响,药物产品会出现不稳定的情况,这种不稳定性加上生理变化会影响药物产品的保质期,并降低药物产品的药代动力学和药效学特征。因此,理化变化将产生有毒的降解产物和药效较低的剂型,从而可能导致治疗作用降低或无效,因此宇航员需要额外服用剂量以保持健康。在火星等长时间飞行任务中,药物产品无法更换,宇航员只能依靠现有药物。有时,药物中由辐射引起的杂质会给宇航员带来严重问题。因此,这篇综述文章重点介绍了影响药物的各种太空相关因素的现状,并全面总结了主要集中在吸收、分布、代谢和排泄(ADME)方面的生理变化。此外,我们还坚持采用一些策略,如新型配方、利用植物制造太空药物,以及为执行更长时间任务的宇航员提供 3D 打印药物。预计这些发展将极大地促进人类太空探索和地面医疗保健应用的新发展。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
4.00%
发文量
39
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Broadly speaking, the Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics covers the area of pharmacometrics. The journal is devoted to illustrating the importance of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacometrics in drug development, clinical care, and the understanding of drug action. The journal publishes on a variety of topics related to pharmacometrics, including, but not limited to, clinical, experimental, and theoretical papers examining the kinetics of drug disposition and effects of drug action in humans, animals, in vitro, or in silico; modeling and simulation methodology, including optimal design; precision medicine; systems pharmacology; and mathematical pharmacology (including computational biology, bioengineering, and biophysics related to pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, orpharmacodynamics). Clinical papers that include population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships are welcome. The journal actively invites and promotes up-and-coming areas of pharmacometric research, such as real-world evidence, quality of life analyses, and artificial intelligence. The Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics is an official journal of the International Society of Pharmacometrics.
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