Evaluating Pacific salmon swimming behavior in the aft end of a pelagic trawl to inform bycatch reduction device design and use

IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Marine and Coastal Fisheries Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI:10.1002/mcf2.10306
David R. Bryan, Noëlle Yochum, Katherine C. Wilson
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Abstract

Objective

Although the bycatch of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. is relatively low in the Walleye Pollock Gadus chalcogrammus and Pacific Hake Merluccius productus pelagic trawl fisheries, different efforts are employed to reduce it, including the use of bycatch reduction devices (BRDs) that retain the targeted species and provide Pacific salmon a pathway to escape. The objective of this study was to evaluate Pacific salmon behavior inside a pelagic trawl and to determine what conditions favor the probability of a salmon moving forward in the trawl and increase their probability of escapement.

Methods

We placed a video camera at the entrance of the cod end and recorded the behaviors of Pacific salmon as they passed by. The timing of the forward movement Pacific salmon in relation to fishing operations and the correlations between forward movement of Pacific salmon and vessel speed over ground, water flow rate, ambient light levels, and abundance of Walleye Pollock were examined.

Result

Of the 2969 Pacific salmon observed, 71% were moving aft toward the cod end, 24% were observed moving forward, and 5% were moving aft then forward or forward then aft. The percentage (77%) and rate (0.86 fish per minute) of forward-moving Pacific salmon was greatest once the trawl doors were back on the vessel and water flow within the trawl was reduced. Speed over ground and Walleye Pollock abundance were negatively correlated with forward movement of Pacific salmon. Only 6.5% of Pacific salmon that were in the cod end when fishing ended were able to move forward before the cod end was on the vessel.

Conclusion

Pacific salmon can move forward in the trawl throughout fishing operations and haulback, but the percentage increases as the speed over ground and water flow inside the trawl is reduced. The low percentage of Pacific salmon that move forward after fishing has ended suggests that Pacific salmon escapement at the end of a tow is relatively low and suggests that BRD design should focus on stimulating escapement at the first BRD encounter.

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评估太平洋鲑鱼在中上层拖网尾部的游泳行为,为减少兼捕渔获物装置的设计和使用提供信息
尽管太平洋鲑鱼(Oncorhynchus spp.)在马眼鳕(Gadus chalcogrammus)和太平洋无须鳕(Merluccius productus)中上层拖网渔业中的混获量相对较低,但仍采取了不同措施来减少混获量, 包括使用混获减少装置(BRDs),保留目标物种并为太平洋鲑鱼提供逃逸途径。本研究的目的是评估太平洋大马哈鱼在中上层拖网内的行为,并确定哪些条件有利于大马哈鱼在拖网中前进并增加其逃逸的概率。 方法 我们在鳕鱼端入口处放置了一台摄像机,记录太平洋鲑鱼经过时的行为。我们研究了太平洋鲑鱼向前移动的时间与捕鱼作业的关系,以及太平洋鲑鱼向前移动与船只在地面上的速度、水流速度、环境光照度和瓦利耶-波洛克丰度之间的相关性。 结果 在观察到的 2969 条太平洋大马哈鱼中,71% 向鳕鱼尾部移动,24% 被观察到向前移动,5% 先向后向前移动或先向前后向后移动。一旦拖网门回到船上,拖网内的水流减少,太平洋鲑鱼向前移动的比例(77%)和速度(每分钟 0.86 条)最大。太平洋大马哈鱼的前进速度和马眼鳕丰度与地面速度和马眼鳕丰度呈负相关。捕捞结束时,仅有 6.5% 的太平洋鲑鱼在鳕鱼端上船之前能够向前移动。 结论 太平洋大马哈鱼在整个捕捞作业和回拖过程中都能在拖网中向前移动,但随着拖网内地面和水流速度的降低,其比例会增加。捕捞结束后,太平洋大马哈鱼向前移动的比例较低,这表明拖网结束时太平洋大马哈鱼的逃逸量相对较低,并表明 BRD 设计应侧重于刺激首次遇到 BRD 时的逃逸量。
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来源期刊
Marine and Coastal Fisheries
Marine and Coastal Fisheries FISHERIES-MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
CiteScore
3.40
自引率
5.90%
发文量
40
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science publishes original and innovative research that synthesizes information on biological organization across spatial and temporal scales to promote ecologically sound fisheries science and management. This open-access, online journal published by the American Fisheries Society provides an international venue for studies of marine, coastal, and estuarine fisheries, with emphasis on species'' performance and responses to perturbations in their environment, and promotes the development of ecosystem-based fisheries science and management.
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