The P300 component of the auditory event-related potential in adult psychiatric and neurologic disorders: a narrative review of clinical and experimental evidence.

IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY International Clinical Psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI:10.1097/YIC.0000000000000566
Alberto Raggi, Alessandro Serretti, Raffaele Ferri
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Abstract

The auditory P300 wave, also known as P3b, is an event-related potential component thought to reflect central information processes involved in stimulus evaluation or categorization. It is typically elicited using the oddball paradigm, which involves mixing low-probability target items with high-probability standard stimuli. Its latency is associated with the timing of cognitive processes such as stimulus evaluation and response preparation, while its amplitude is related to the amount of attentional resources engaged during the task. Despite decades of use in research settings, its application in clinical practice has been limited. Prolongation of latencies and reduction of amplitudes in the auditory P3b have been observed in both psychiatric and neurological conditions. This includes cases where traditional neuropsychological tests are challenging due to severe motor or speech dysfunctions, or in conditions characterized by subtle cognitive deficits. Additionally, specific laterality patterns in psychoses and a loss of P300 habituation in migraines have been described. The wealth of experimental evidence supports the use of this evoked potential, which can be elicited through a relatively simple paradigm, for objectively evaluating cognition in psychiatric and neurological patients, particularly in follow-up assessments. Therefore, the auditory P300 appears to be a valuable tool for monitoring the clinical course of patients with mental and neurological disorders in certain circumstances.

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听觉事件相关电位的 P300 分量在成人精神和神经疾病中的应用:临床和实验证据综述。
听觉 P300 波(又称 P3b)是一种事件相关电位成分,被认为反映了刺激评估或分类所涉及的中心信息过程。它通常通过奇数范式(oddball paradigm)激发,即把低概率的目标项目与高概率的标准刺激混合在一起。它的潜伏期与刺激评估和反应准备等认知过程的时间有关,而它的振幅则与任务期间所占用的注意资源有关。尽管在研究环境中使用了几十年,但其在临床实践中的应用却很有限。听觉 P3b 的潜伏期延长和振幅减小在精神病和神经病中都有观察到。这包括由于严重的运动或语言功能障碍导致传统神经心理测试困难的病例,或以细微认知障碍为特征的病例。此外,精神病患者的特定侧向模式和偏头痛患者的 P300 习惯性丧失也已得到描述。大量的实验证据支持使用这种可以通过相对简单的范式诱发的诱发电位来客观评估精神病和神经病患者的认知能力,尤其是在随访评估中。因此,在某些情况下,听觉 P300 似乎是监测精神和神经疾病患者临床病程的重要工具。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.40
自引率
23.10%
发文量
97
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: International Clinical Psychopharmacology provides an essential link between research and clinical practice throughout psychopharmacology. It reports on studies in human subjects, both healthy volunteers and patients, which relate the effects of drugs on psychological processes. A major objective of the journal is to publish fully refereed papers which throw light on the ways in which the study of psychotropic drugs can increase our understanding of psychopharmacology. To this end the journal publishes results of early Phase I and II studies, as well as those of controlled clinical trials of psychotropic drugs in Phase II and IV. Other topics covered include the epidemiology of psychotropic drug prescribing and drug taking, the sociology of psychotropic drugs including compliance, and research into the safety and adverse effects of these compounds.
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