Recovering sedimentary ancient DNA of harmful dinoflagellates accumulated over the last 9000 years off Eastern Tasmania, Australia.

IF 5.1 Q1 ECOLOGY ISME communications Pub Date : 2024-07-15 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1093/ismeco/ycae098
Linda Armbrecht, Christopher J S Bolch, Bradley Paine, Alan Cooper, Andrew McMinn, Craig Woodward, Gustaaf Hallegraeff
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Abstract

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have had significant adverse impacts on the seafood industry along the Tasmanian east coast over the past 4 decades. To investigate the history of regional HABs, we performed analyses of sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) in coastal sediments up to ~9000 years old collected inshore and offshore of Maria Island, Tasmania. We used metagenomic shotgun sequencing and a hybridisation capture array ("HABbaits1") to target three harmful dinoflagellate genera, Alexandrium, Gymnodinium, and Noctiluca. Bioinformatic and DNA damage analyses verified the authenticity of the sedaDNA sequences. Our results show that dinoflagellates of Alexandrium genera have been present off eastern Tasmania during the last ~8300 years, and we sporadically detected and unambiguously verified sequences of Gymnodinium catenatum that were present offshore up to ~7600 years ago. We also recovered sedaDNA of the fragile, soft-bodied Noctiluca scintillans with increased relative abundance since 2010, consistent with plankton surveys. This study enabled us to identify challenges of sedaDNA sequence validation (in particular for G. catenatum, a microreticulate gymnodinoid species) and provided guidance for the development of tools to monitor past and present HAB species and improvement of future HAB event predictions.

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在澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚东部海域发现过去 9000 年积累的有害甲藻沉积古 DNA。
过去 40 年来,有害藻华(HABs)对塔斯马尼亚东海岸的海鲜业造成了严重的负面影响。为了研究区域性有害藻华的历史,我们对塔斯马尼亚玛丽亚岛近岸和近海采集的距今约 9000 年的沿海沉积物中的沉积古 DNA(sedaDNA)进行了分析。我们使用元基因组霰弹枪测序和杂交捕获阵列("HABbaits1")锁定了三个有害甲藻属,即亚历山大藻属(Alexandrium)、鳃藻属(Gymnodinium)和夜藻属(Noctiluca)。生物信息学和 DNA 损伤分析验证了 sedaDNA 序列的真实性。我们的研究结果表明,亚历山大属甲藻在过去约 8300 年间一直存在于塔斯马尼亚东部近海,我们还零星地检测到并明确验证了早在约 7600 年前就存在于近海的 Gymnodinium catenatum 的序列。我们还恢复了脆弱、软体 Noctiluca scintillans 的沉积 DNA,其相对丰度自 2010 年以来有所增加,这与浮游生物调查一致。通过这项研究,我们发现了沉积 DNA 序列验证(尤其是对 G. catenatum 这种微网状体物种的验证)所面临的挑战,并为开发监测过去和现在 HAB 物种的工具以及改进未来 HAB 事件预测提供了指导。
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