Extent and Patterns of Livestock Depredation in Mexico

IF 2.4 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Rangeland Ecology & Management Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI:10.1016/j.rama.2024.05.002
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Abstract

Human-carnivore conflicts arising from livestock depredation can impact both livestock producers and carnivore populations. We used livestock depredation insurance claims from 2 895 depredation events involving 7 411 livestock throughout Mexico to evaluate the diversity of carnivores and livestock involved in depredations and identify attributes related to species-specific livestock depredation sites and carnivore predation patterns. Cattle comprised 48% of depredation events, followed by sheep (36%), goats (13%), equids (2%), and hogs (< 1%). Coyotes were responsible for 28% of depredation events, followed by domestic dogs (27%), pumas (22%), jaguars (15%), and bears (5%). Both kill sites of differing livestock species and predation patterns of carnivores varied with respect to predator responsible or prey killed, landscape attributes, and season; patterns reflected primarily species-specific habitat preferences, livestock husbandry practices, and tolerances of carnivores for human impacts. Our results indicate that the greatest challenge of managing depredation conflicts in Mexico is that depredations by carnivores that kill the most livestock (coyote, domestic dog) are facilitated by increasing human impacts and the canid's adaptability. Depredations associated with carnivores limited to relatively rare ecological conditions (e.g., proximity to protected natural areas [PNAs]) can be mitigated by cultural changes, such as avoiding establishing new livestock production areas near PNAs, or new PNAs adjacent to traditional livestock production areas. Opportunities to limit ecologically and sociologically problematic impacts such as retaliatory killing of carnivores include accurate identification of the actual depredating carnivore.

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墨西哥牲畜被掠夺的程度和模式
由牲畜掠夺引起的人与食肉动物之间的冲突会对牲畜生产者和食肉动物种群造成影响。我们利用墨西哥各地涉及 7 411 头牲畜的 2 895 起牲畜掠夺事件的牲畜掠夺保险索赔,评估了掠夺事件中食肉动物和牲畜的多样性,并确定了与特定物种牲畜掠夺地点和食肉动物捕食模式相关的属性。在牲畜被掠夺事件中,牛占 48%,其次是绵羊(36%)、山羊(13%)、马科动物(2%)和猪(1%)。郊狼对 28% 的掠夺事件负责,其次是家犬(27%)、美洲狮(22%)、美洲虎(15%)和熊(5%)。不同牲畜物种的捕杀地点和食肉动物的捕食模式都因捕食者或被捕杀的猎物、景观属性和季节而异;这些模式主要反映了特定物种对栖息地的偏好、牲畜饲养方式以及食肉动物对人类影响的容忍度。我们的研究结果表明,在墨西哥,管理掠食冲突的最大挑战在于,人类日益增加的影响和食肉动物的适应能力助长了杀害牲畜最多的食肉动物(郊狼、家犬)的掠食行为。与局限于相对稀有的生态条件(如靠近自然保护区 [PNA])的食肉动物相关的掠夺行为可以通过文化变革来缓解,如避免在自然保护区附近建立新的畜牧生产区,或在传统畜牧生产区附近建立新的自然保护区。限制报复性捕杀食肉动物等生态和社会问题影响的机会包括准确识别实际捕杀的食肉动物。
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来源期刊
Rangeland Ecology & Management
Rangeland Ecology & Management 农林科学-环境科学
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
13.00%
发文量
87
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Rangeland Ecology & Management publishes all topics-including ecology, management, socioeconomic and policy-pertaining to global rangelands. The journal''s mission is to inform academics, ecosystem managers and policy makers of science-based information to promote sound rangeland stewardship. Author submissions are published in five manuscript categories: original research papers, high-profile forum topics, concept syntheses, as well as research and technical notes. Rangelands represent approximately 50% of the Earth''s land area and provision multiple ecosystem services for large human populations. This expansive and diverse land area functions as coupled human-ecological systems. Knowledge of both social and biophysical system components and their interactions represent the foundation for informed rangeland stewardship. Rangeland Ecology & Management uniquely integrates information from multiple system components to address current and pending challenges confronting global rangelands.
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