Graft Steatosis and Donor Diabetes Mellitus Additively Impact on Recipient Outcomes After Liver Transplantation—A European Registry Study

Abstract

Background and Aims

Biopsy-proven severe graft steatosis is associated with adverse outcomes after liver transplantation. The concomitant presence of metabolic risk factors might further increase this risk. We studied the association between graft steatosis and metabolic risk factors in the donor, with recipient outcomes after liver transplantation.

Methods

We analyzed data from all consecutive first adult full-graft donation after brain death (DBD) liver transplantations performed in the Eurotransplant region between 2010 and 2020. The presence of graft steatosis and metabolic risk factors was assessed through a review of donor (imaging) reports, and associations with recipient retransplantation-free survival were studied through survival analyses.

Results

Of 12 174 transplantations, graft steatosis was detected in 2689 (22.1%), and donor diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and dyslipidemia were present in 1245 (10.2%), 5056 (41.5%), and 524 (4.3%). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, graft steatosis (adjusted HR [aHR] 1.197, p < 0.001) and donor DM (aHR 1.157, p = 0.004) were independently associated with impaired retransplantation-free survival. Graft steatosis and donor DM conferred an additive risk of retransplantation or death (DM alone, aHR: 1.156 [p = 0.0185]; steatosis alone, aHR: 1.200 [p < 0.001]; both steatosis and DM, aHR: 1.381 [p < 0.001]). Findings were consistent in sensitivity analyses focusing on retransplantation-free survival within 7 days.

Conclusions

Graft steatosis and donor diabetes mellitus additively increase the risk of retransplantation or death in adult DBD liver transplantation. Future studies should focus on methods to assess and improve the quality of these high-risk grafts. Until such time, caution should be exercised when considering these grafts for transplantation.