Tobacco retailer density and its association with birth outcomes in the USA: 2000-2016.

IF 4 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Tobacco Control Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI:10.1136/tc-2024-058779
Chris D Baggett, David B Richardson, Tzy-Mey Kuo, Jacqueline E Rudolph, Amanda Y Kong, Kurt M Ribisl, Shelley D Golden
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Abstract

Introduction: Significant progress has been made in reducing maternal exposure to tobacco smoke and subsequent adverse birth outcomes, however, reductions may require strategies that reduce the availability of tobacco retailers. In this study, we investigated the relationship between tobacco retailer density and birth outcomes across the USA and predicted the potential impact of a tobacco retailer density cap on these outcomes.

Methods: Annual US county (n=3105), rates of preterm birth, low birth weight, small-for-gestational age, all-cause infant mortality and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) were calculated using National Vital Statistics System data. Tobacco retailers were identified from the National Establishment Time-Series Database. We used Poisson regression to estimate the effect of capping retailer density at 1.4 retailers per 1000 population, controlling for county demographics and air pollution, using propensity score weighting.

Results: Tobacco retailer density was positively associated with most adverse birth outcomes. We estimate that a nationwide cap on tobacco retailer density, implemented in 2016, would have resulted in a reduction of 4275 (95% CI 2210 to 6392) preterm births, 6096 (95% CI 4421 to 7806) small-for-gestational-age births, 3483 (95% CI 2615 to 4378) low birthweight births, 538 (95% CI 345 to 733) all-cause infant deaths and 107 (95% CI 55 to 158) SIDS deaths in that year.

Conclusion: Higher rates of adverse birth outcomes were seen in counties with high tobacco retailer density compared with those with low density. These results provide further support for regulating tobacco retail density to reduce adverse health outcomes associated with tobacco use.

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美国烟草零售商密度及其与出生结果的关系:2000-2016 年。
导言:在减少孕产妇烟草烟雾暴露及随后的不良出生结果方面已经取得了重大进展,但要减少烟草烟雾暴露可能需要采取减少烟草零售商的策略。在这项研究中,我们调查了美国各地烟草零售商密度与出生结果之间的关系,并预测了烟草零售商密度上限对这些结果的潜在影响:方法:利用国家生命统计系统数据计算了美国各县(n=3105)每年的早产率、低出生体重率、小胎龄率、全因婴儿死亡率和婴儿猝死综合症(SIDS)发生率。烟草零售商由国家机构时间序列数据库确定。我们使用泊松回归法估算了零售商密度上限为每千人 1.4 个零售商的效果,同时使用倾向得分加权法对县人口统计和空气污染进行了控制:结果:烟草零售商密度与大多数不良出生结果呈正相关。我们估计,2016 年在全国范围内实施烟草零售商密度上限后,当年的早产儿将减少 4275 例(95% CI 2210 至 6392 例),小于妊娠年龄新生儿将减少 6096 例(95% CI 4421 至 7806 例),低出生体重新生儿将减少 3483 例(95% CI 2615 至 4378 例),全因婴儿死亡将减少 538 例(95% CI 345 至 733 例),婴儿猝死综合症死亡将减少 107 例(95% CI 55 至 158 例):结论:与烟草零售商密度低的县相比,烟草零售商密度高的县出生婴儿不良结局发生率更高。这些结果为规范烟草零售密度以减少与烟草使用相关的不良健康后果提供了进一步支持。
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来源期刊
Tobacco Control
Tobacco Control 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生
CiteScore
9.10
自引率
26.90%
发文量
223
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Tobacco Control is an international peer-reviewed journal covering the nature and consequences of tobacco use worldwide; tobacco''s effects on population health, the economy, the environment, and society; efforts to prevent and control the global tobacco epidemic through population-level education and policy changes; the ethical dimensions of tobacco control policies; and the activities of the tobacco industry and its allies.
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