Shuan-Xi Fan, Nan Zhang, Min-Han Sun, Xian-Dong Hou
{"title":"[Screening and Stress Responsive Characteristics of Potential Hyperaccumulator of Pb, Zn, and Cd Compound Heavy Metals].","authors":"Shuan-Xi Fan, Nan Zhang, Min-Han Sun, Xian-Dong Hou","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202308262","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To screen for Pb, Zn, and Cd composite heavy metal hyperaccumulator plants, a survey, sampling, and analysis of dominant plants in typical lead-zinc mines and smelter areas in Baoji City were conducted. Potential Pb, Zn, and Cd composite heavy metal hyperaccumulator plants were initially screened, and a pot experiment of soil cultivation was carried out to observe the response characteristics of chlorophyll (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and total chlorophyll), antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and POD), and other physiological indicators (MDA and proline) under the stress of Pb, Zn, and Cd composite heavy metals. A field experiment was also conducted to further verify and determine their enrichment ability for Pb, Zn, and Cd composite heavy metals, aiming to provide scientific basis and technical support for the remediation of Pb, Zn, and Cd composite heavy metal-polluted soil. The field survey revealed that <i>Symphytum officinale</i> L. met the international hyperaccumulator plant index requirements for the enrichment of Pb, Zn, and Cd, with enrichment quantity, bioconcentration factor (BCF), and transfer factor (TF) all meeting the requirements. It was a potential hyperaccumulator plant for Pb, Zn, and Cd composite heavy metals. The soil cultivation pot experiment showed that as the gradient of Pb, Zn, and Cd composite heavy metal stress increased, the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll in <i>S. officinale</i> L. leaves gradually decreased, causing disruption to the plant's photosynthetic system when the gradient was greater than or equal to IV. The chlorophyll content in <i>Ricinus communis</i> L. leaves exhibited a \"low-stimulation-high-inhibition\" phenomenon, while excessive stress stimulated the activation of its own protective systems, leading to reduced toxicity. In addition, there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and total chlorophyll between <i>S. officinale</i> L. and <i>R. communis</i> L. both compared to the control treatment and between stress gradients. The SOD activity in the leaves of <i>S. officinale</i> L. and <i>R. communis</i> L. showed a trend of increasing first, then decreasing, and then increasing. The CAT activity in the leaves of <i>S. officinale</i> L. exhibited a \"low-stimulation-high-inhibition\" effect, whereas the CAT activity in the leaves of <i>R. communis</i> L. showed a trend of continuous decrease. The POD activity in the leaves of <i>S. officinale</i> L. generally increased, whereas in the leaves of <i>R. communis</i> L., it increased first, then decreased, and then increased. The MDA content in the leaves of <i>S. officinale</i> L. generally decreased, whereas in the leaves of <i>R. communis</i> L., it exhibited an upward trend. In addition, whether compared to the control between stress gradients, there were significant differences (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in the SOD, CAT, POD, MDA, and proline content of <i>S. officinale</i> L. and <i>R. communis</i> L. The field experiment results indicated that <i>S. officinale</i> L. could meet the hyperaccumulator plant index requirements for the enrichment of Pb, Zn, and Cd, making it a potential germplasm resource for Pb, Zn, and Cd composite heavy metal hyperaccumulator plants. It can be an ideal choice for the remediation of Pb, Zn, and Cd composite heavy metal-polluted soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"Huanjing Kexue/Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Huanjing Kexue/Environmental Science","FirstCategoryId":"1087","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202308262","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Environmental Science","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
To screen for Pb, Zn, and Cd composite heavy metal hyperaccumulator plants, a survey, sampling, and analysis of dominant plants in typical lead-zinc mines and smelter areas in Baoji City were conducted. Potential Pb, Zn, and Cd composite heavy metal hyperaccumulator plants were initially screened, and a pot experiment of soil cultivation was carried out to observe the response characteristics of chlorophyll (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and total chlorophyll), antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and POD), and other physiological indicators (MDA and proline) under the stress of Pb, Zn, and Cd composite heavy metals. A field experiment was also conducted to further verify and determine their enrichment ability for Pb, Zn, and Cd composite heavy metals, aiming to provide scientific basis and technical support for the remediation of Pb, Zn, and Cd composite heavy metal-polluted soil. The field survey revealed that Symphytum officinale L. met the international hyperaccumulator plant index requirements for the enrichment of Pb, Zn, and Cd, with enrichment quantity, bioconcentration factor (BCF), and transfer factor (TF) all meeting the requirements. It was a potential hyperaccumulator plant for Pb, Zn, and Cd composite heavy metals. The soil cultivation pot experiment showed that as the gradient of Pb, Zn, and Cd composite heavy metal stress increased, the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll in S. officinale L. leaves gradually decreased, causing disruption to the plant's photosynthetic system when the gradient was greater than or equal to IV. The chlorophyll content in Ricinus communis L. leaves exhibited a "low-stimulation-high-inhibition" phenomenon, while excessive stress stimulated the activation of its own protective systems, leading to reduced toxicity. In addition, there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and total chlorophyll between S. officinale L. and R. communis L. both compared to the control treatment and between stress gradients. The SOD activity in the leaves of S. officinale L. and R. communis L. showed a trend of increasing first, then decreasing, and then increasing. The CAT activity in the leaves of S. officinale L. exhibited a "low-stimulation-high-inhibition" effect, whereas the CAT activity in the leaves of R. communis L. showed a trend of continuous decrease. The POD activity in the leaves of S. officinale L. generally increased, whereas in the leaves of R. communis L., it increased first, then decreased, and then increased. The MDA content in the leaves of S. officinale L. generally decreased, whereas in the leaves of R. communis L., it exhibited an upward trend. In addition, whether compared to the control between stress gradients, there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the SOD, CAT, POD, MDA, and proline content of S. officinale L. and R. communis L. The field experiment results indicated that S. officinale L. could meet the hyperaccumulator plant index requirements for the enrichment of Pb, Zn, and Cd, making it a potential germplasm resource for Pb, Zn, and Cd composite heavy metal hyperaccumulator plants. It can be an ideal choice for the remediation of Pb, Zn, and Cd composite heavy metal-polluted soil.
为筛选出铅、锌、镉复合重金属高积累植物,对宝鸡市典型铅锌矿区和冶炼厂区的优势植物进行了调查、取样和分析。初步筛选出潜在的铅、锌、镉复合重金属高积累植物,并进行了盆栽土壤栽培试验,观察了叶绿素(叶绿素a、叶绿素 a、叶绿素 b、类胡萝卜素和总叶绿素)、抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT 和 POD)以及其他生理指标(MDA 和脯氨酸)在铅、锌胁迫下的响应特征。等生理指标(MDA 和脯氨酸)。同时还进行了田间试验,进一步验证和确定其对铅、锌、镉复合重金属的富集能力,旨在为铅、锌、镉复合重金属污染土壤的修复提供科学依据和技术支持。田间调查表明,欧鼠李对铅、锌、镉的富集量、生物富集因子(BCF)和转移因子(TF)均符合国际超积累植物指标要求。均符合要求。它是一种潜在的铅、锌和镉复合重金属超积累植物。土壤栽培盆栽实验表明,当Pb、Zn和Cd复合重金属胁迫梯度大于或等于IV时,S. officinale L.叶片中的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量逐渐降低,导致植物光合系统紊乱。蓖麻叶片的叶绿素含量呈现出 "低刺激-高抑制 "现象,而过度胁迫会刺激其自身保护系统的激活,导致毒性降低。此外,叶绿素 a 和叶绿素 b 的含量也存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。和 R. communis L. 的叶绿素 a、叶绿素 b、类胡萝卜素和总叶绿素含量与对照处理相比以及在胁迫梯度之间都有显著差异(P < 0.05)。S. officinale L.和 R. communis L.叶片中的 SOD 活性呈先升高后降低再升高的趋势。S. officinale L. 叶子的 CAT 活性呈现出 "低刺激-高抑制 "效应,而 R. communis L. 叶子的 CAT 活性呈持续下降趋势。S. officinale L. 叶子中的 POD 活性普遍升高,而 R. communis L. 叶子中的 POD 活性先升高后降低再升高。S. officinale L. 叶子中的 MDA 含量普遍下降,而 R. communis L. 叶子中的 MDA 含量呈上升趋势。此外,在不同胁迫梯度下,无论与对照组相比,SOD、CAT、PP田间试验结果表明,S. officinale L.能满足Pb、Zn和Cd富集的超积累植物指标要求,是Pb、Zn和Cd复合重金属超积累植物的潜在种质资源。它可以成为修复铅、锌、镉复合重金属污染土壤的理想选择。