Beampattern analysis of cooperative beamforming with carrier frequency offsets in three-dimensional wireless networks

IF 4.1 3区计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS ICT Express Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI:10.1016/j.icte.2024.02.005

Yeonwoong Kim , In-Ho Lee , Sunghwan Cho , Haejoon Jung

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Abstract

Cooperative beamforming (CB), where spatially distributed nodes synchronize their transmit phases to maximize the power of their combined signal at a desired receiver, can be used as an effective solution for hardware-limited nodes to achieve communication range extension. Thus, CB demonstrates effectiveness in providing higher reliability, lower latency, and extended transmission range for nodes in non-terrestrial networks (NTNs), which inherently face power and hardware limitations. In this paper, we consider the CB technique using UAVs in three-dimensional (3D) networks and analyze the average beampattern of the virtual antenna array constructed by the multiple UAVs. Further, because the mobile nature of the UAVs may cause carrier frequency offsets (CFOs), we analyze the impact of the CFO using the non-parametric kernel method. The simulation and analytical results show that the peak average beampattern degrades by about 3 dB with the CFO standard deviation of 1 kHz, which emphasizes the significance of frequency synchronization.

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三维无线网络中带有载波频率偏移的合作波束成形的信号分析

合作波束成形（CB）是指空间分布式节点同步其发射相位，以最大限度地提高其组合信号在所需接收器处的功率，可作为硬件受限节点实现通信范围扩展的有效解决方案。因此，CB 在为非地面网络（NTN）中的节点提供更高可靠性、更低延迟和更长传输距离方面表现出了有效性，而非地面网络本身就面临着功率和硬件限制。在本文中，我们考虑了在三维（3D）网络中使用无人机的 CB 技术，并分析了由多个无人机构建的虚拟天线阵列的平均振型。此外，由于无人机的移动特性可能会导致载波频率偏移（CFO），我们使用非参数核方法分析了载波频率偏移的影响。模拟和分析结果表明，当 CFO 标准偏差为 1 kHz 时，平均蜂鸣器峰值衰减约 3 dB，这强调了频率同步的重要性。

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来源期刊

ICT Express Multiple-

CiteScore

10.20

自引率

1.90%

发文量

167

审稿时长

35 weeks

期刊介绍： The ICT Express journal published by the Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences (KICS) is an international, peer-reviewed research publication covering all aspects of information and communication technology. The journal aims to publish research that helps advance the theoretical and practical understanding of ICT convergence, platform technologies, communication networks, and device technologies. The technology advancement in information and communication technology (ICT) sector enables portable devices to be always connected while supporting high data rate, resulting in the recent popularity of smartphones that have a considerable impact in economic and social development.