Caloric restriction mimetics improve gut microbiota: a promising neurotherapeutics approach for managing age-related neurodegenerative disorders.

IF 4.4 4区 医学 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY Biogerontology Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-23 DOI:10.1007/s10522-024-10128-4
Ishika Singh, Shashi Anand, Deepashree J Gowda, Amitha Kamath, Abhishek Kumar Singh
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Abstract

The gut microbiota (GM) produces various molecules that regulate the physiological functionality of the brain through the gut-brain axis (GBA). Studies suggest that alteration in GBA may lead to the onset and progression of various neurological dysfunctions. Moreover, aging is one of the prominent causes that contribute to the alteration of GBA. With age, GM undergoes a shift in population size and species of microflora leading to changes in their secreted metabolites. These changes also hamper communications among the HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal), ENS (enteric nervous system), and ANS (autonomic nervous system). A therapeutic intervention that has recently gained attention in improving health and maintaining communication between the gut and the brain is calorie restriction (CR), which also plays a critical role in autophagy and neurogenesis processes. However, its strict regime and lifelong commitment pose challenges. The need is to produce similar beneficial effects of CR without having its rigorous compliance. This led to an exploration of calorie restriction mimetics (CRMs) which could mimic CR's functions without limiting diet, providing long-term health benefits. CRMs ensure the efficient functioning of the GBA through gut bacteria and their metabolites i.e., short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and neurotransmitters. This is particularly beneficial for elderly individuals, as the GM deteriorates with age and the body's ability to digest the toxic accumulates declines. In this review, we have explored the beneficial effect of CRMs in extending lifespan by enhancing the beneficial bacteria and their effects on metabolite production, physiological conditions, and neurological dysfunctions including neurodegenerative disorders.

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热量限制模拟剂可改善肠道微生物群:一种治疗与年龄相关的神经退行性疾病的前景广阔的神经治疗方法。
肠道微生物群(GM)产生各种分子,通过肠道-大脑轴(GBA)调节大脑的生理功能。研究表明,肠脑轴的改变可能会导致各种神经功能障碍的发生和发展。此外,衰老也是导致肠脑轴改变的主要原因之一。随着年龄的增长,GM 的种群规模和微生物种类发生变化,导致其分泌的代谢物发生变化。这些变化还会阻碍 HPA(下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺)、ENS(肠道神经系统)和 ANS(自主神经系统)之间的交流。卡路里限制(CR)是近来在改善健康和维持肠道与大脑之间沟通方面备受关注的一种治疗干预措施,它在自噬和神经发生过程中也发挥着至关重要的作用。然而,其严格的制度和终身承诺带来了挑战。我们需要在不严格遵守卡路里限制的前提下,产生与卡路里限制类似的有益效果。因此,人们开始探索卡路里限制模拟物(CRMs),这种模拟物可以在不限制饮食的情况下模拟 CR 的功能,从而提供长期的健康益处。卡路里限制模拟物通过肠道细菌及其代谢产物(即短链脂肪酸、胆汁酸和神经递质)确保 GBA 的有效运作。这对老年人尤其有益,因为随着年龄的增长,基因改造会恶化,人体消化有毒物质的能力也会下降。在这篇综述中,我们探讨了 CRMs 通过增强有益细菌及其对代谢物产生、生理状况和神经功能紊乱(包括神经退行性疾病)的影响,在延长寿命方面的有益作用。
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来源期刊
Biogerontology
Biogerontology 医学-老年医学
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
4.40%
发文量
54
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The journal Biogerontology offers a platform for research which aims primarily at achieving healthy old age accompanied by improved longevity. The focus is on efforts to understand, prevent, cure or minimize age-related impairments. Biogerontology provides a peer-reviewed forum for publishing original research data, new ideas and discussions on modulating the aging process by physical, chemical and biological means, including transgenic and knockout organisms; cell culture systems to develop new approaches and health care products for maintaining or recovering the lost biochemical functions; immunology, autoimmunity and infection in aging; vertebrates, invertebrates, micro-organisms and plants for experimental studies on genetic determinants of aging and longevity; biodemography and theoretical models linking aging and survival kinetics.
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