Detection and characterization of hemotropic Mycoplasmas in Iberian wolves (Canis lupus signatus) of Cantabria, Spain

IF 2.6 4区医学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Infection Genetics and Evolution Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI:10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105659

Manena Fayos , Carlos Sacristán , Roser Velarde , Ana Carolina Ewbank , Natalia Sastre , Ana de la Torre , Irene Iglesias , Beatriz Gonzalez , Irene Sacristán

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Abstract

Hemoplasmas (hemotropic mycoplasmas) are uncultivable wall-less bacteria able to infect mammalian erythrocytes. Hemoplasmas can cause anemia, especially in immunocompromised hosts, predisposing to secondary infections and even leading to death. Between 2017 and 2023, spleen samples of 131 wild Iberian wolves (Canis lupus signatus) of Cantabria (Spain) were screened for Mycoplasma spp. using a real-time PCR able to amplify a 360 bp fragment of the 16S rRNA gene and confirmed by direct Sanger sequencing. Additional conventional PCRs were performed to screen for coinfections by different Mycoplasma species and to discriminate between Mycoplasma haemocanis/haemofelis (Mhc/Mhf). Overall, 24/131 (18.3%) animals were PCR-positive. Biological and environmental factors potentially promoting hemoplasma infection in this species were analyzed. Two different hemoplasma species were detected: Mhc/Mhf (18/131; 13.7%) and Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum (CMhp) (3/131; 2.3%), each with one nucleotide sequence type (ntST); three other sequences were not classified. No Mhc/Mhf and CMhp coinfection were observed. The 12 Mhc/Mhf suitable for ribonuclease P RNA sequencing were confirmed as Mhc. Mhc ntST was 100% identical to a Mhc sequence previously obtained in domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), and in wild Iberian wolves of northwestern Spain (Asturias and Galicia) at a similar prevalence to the one found herein, suggesting a high Mhc genetic homogeneity in this wild population. CMhp ntST was 100% identical to CMhp sequences from domestic dogs. To our knowledge, this is the first description of CMhp in the Iberian wolf. The high genetic similarity observed in Mhc and CMhp sequences, as well as their high similarity with domestic dog sequences, suggest its recent introduction, a high level of intraspecific transmission within the wild wolf population, and likely, interspecific transmission between wolves and domestic dogs.

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西班牙坎塔布里亚伊比利亚狼（Canis lupus signatus）血型支原体的检测和特征描述。

血型体（血型支原体）是一种无法培养的无壁细菌，能够感染哺乳动物的红细胞。血包虫可导致贫血，尤其是在免疫力低下的宿主中，容易引起继发性感染，甚至导致死亡。在 2017 年至 2023 年期间，利用能够扩增 16S rRNA 基因 360 bp 片段的实时 PCR 技术对坎塔布里亚（西班牙）131 头伊比利亚野狼（Canis lupus signatus）的脾脏样本进行了支原体筛查，并通过直接 Sanger 测序进行了确认。此外，还进行了常规 PCR 检测，以筛查不同支原体种类的合并感染，并区分血型支原体/血型嗜血支原体（Mhc/Mhf）。总体而言，24/131（18.3%）只动物的 PCR 呈阳性。对可能促进该物种感染血浆体的生物和环境因素进行了分析。检测到两种不同的血浆：Mhc/Mhf（18/131；13.7%）和Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum（CMhp）（3/131；2.3%），各有一种核苷酸序列类型（ntST）；另外三种序列未分类。没有观察到 Mhc/Mhf 和 CMhp 合并感染。12 个适合核糖核酸酶 P RNA 测序的 Mhc/Mhf 被确认为 Mhc。Mhc ntST与之前在家犬（Canis lupus familiaris）和西班牙西北部（阿斯图里亚斯和加利西亚）的伊比利亚野狼中获得的Mhc序列100%相同，其流行率与本文发现的相似，这表明该野生种群中的Mhc基因具有高度同质性。CMhp ntST与家犬的CMhp序列100%相同。据我们所知，这是首次描述伊比利亚狼的 CMhp。在Mhc和CMhp序列中观察到的高度遗传相似性，以及它们与家犬序列的高度相似性，表明它是最近才引入的，在野狼种群中具有高度的种内传播性，而且很可能在狼和家犬之间进行种间传播。

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来源期刊

Infection Genetics and Evolution 医学-传染病学

CiteScore

8.40

自引率

0.00%

发文量

215

审稿时长

82 days

期刊介绍： (aka Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics of Infectious Diseases -- MEEGID) Infectious diseases constitute one of the main challenges to medical science in the coming century. The impressive development of molecular megatechnologies and of bioinformatics have greatly increased our knowledge of the evolution, transmission and pathogenicity of infectious diseases. Research has shown that host susceptibility to many infectious diseases has a genetic basis. Furthermore, much is now known on the molecular epidemiology, evolution and virulence of pathogenic agents, as well as their resistance to drugs, vaccines, and antibiotics. Equally, research on the genetics of disease vectors has greatly improved our understanding of their systematics, has increased our capacity to identify target populations for control or intervention, and has provided detailed information on the mechanisms of insecticide resistance. However, the genetics and evolutionary biology of hosts, pathogens and vectors have tended to develop as three separate fields of research. This artificial compartmentalisation is of concern due to our growing appreciation of the strong co-evolutionary interactions among hosts, pathogens and vectors. Infection, Genetics and Evolution and its companion congress [MEEGID](http://www.meegidconference.com/) (for Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics of Infectious Diseases) are the main forum acting for the cross-fertilization between evolutionary science and biomedical research on infectious diseases. Infection, Genetics and Evolution is the only journal that welcomes articles dealing with the genetics and evolutionary biology of hosts, pathogens and vectors, and coevolution processes among them in relation to infection and disease manifestation. All infectious models enter the scope of the journal, including pathogens of humans, animals and plants, either parasites, fungi, bacteria, viruses or prions. The journal welcomes articles dealing with genetics, population genetics, genomics, postgenomics, gene expression, evolutionary biology, population dynamics, mathematical modeling and bioinformatics. We also provide many author benefits, such as free PDFs, a liberal copyright policy, special discounts on Elsevier publications and much more. Please click here for more information on our author services .