Bilingualism and second-order theory of mind development in autistic children over time: Longitudinal relations with language, executive functions, and intelligence

IF 5.3 2区 医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Autism Research Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI:10.1002/aur.3214
Eleni Peristeri, Margreet Vogelzang, Ianthi Maria Tsimpli, Stephanie Durrleman
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Abstract

Theory of Mind has long been studied as a core weakness in autism spectrum disorder due to its relationship with social reciprocity, while bilingualism has been shown to compensate for autistic individuals' mentalizing weaknesses. However, our knowledge of the Theory of Mind developmental trajectories of bilingual and monolingual autistic children, as well as of the factors related to Theory of Mind development in autism spectrum disorder is still limited. The current study has examined first- and second-order Theory of Mind skills in 21 monolingual and 21 bilingual autistic children longitudinally across three time points, specifically at ages 6, 9, and 12, and also investigated associations between Theory of Mind trajectories and trajectories of the children's language, intelligence and executive function skills. The results reveal that bilingual autistic children outperformed their monolingual peers in second-order Theory of Mind at ages 9 and 12, and that intelligence and, especially, expressive vocabulary skills played a pivotal role in advancing bilingual autistic children's second-order Theory of Mind development. On the other hand, monolingual autistic children only managed to capitalize on their language and intelligence resources at age 12. The findings highlight the importance of investigating bilingualism effects on autistic children's advanced cognitive abilities longitudinally.

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自闭症儿童的双语能力和二阶心智理论的长期发展:与语言、执行功能和智力的纵向关系。
长期以来,由于心智理论与社会互惠的关系,心智理论一直被认为是自闭症谱系障碍的核心弱点,而双语则被证明可以弥补自闭症患者的心智弱点。然而,我们对双语和单语自闭症儿童的心智理论发展轨迹以及与自闭症谱系障碍心智理论发展相关的因素的了解仍然有限。本研究对 21 名单语自闭症儿童和 21 名双语自闭症儿童在 6 岁、9 岁和 12 岁三个时间点的一阶和二阶心智理论技能进行了纵向研究,并调查了心智理论发展轨迹与儿童语言、智力和执行功能技能发展轨迹之间的关联。研究结果表明,双语自闭症儿童在 9 岁和 12 岁时的二阶心智理论表现优于单语自闭症儿童,而智力尤其是词汇表达能力在促进双语自闭症儿童的二阶心智理论发展方面发挥了关键作用。另一方面,单语自闭症儿童只有在 12 岁时才能利用他们的语言和智力资源。研究结果凸显了纵向研究双语对自闭症儿童高级认知能力影响的重要性。
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来源期刊
Autism Research
Autism Research 医学-行为科学
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
8.50%
发文量
187
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: AUTISM RESEARCH will cover the developmental disorders known as Pervasive Developmental Disorders (or autism spectrum disorders – ASDs). The Journal focuses on basic genetic, neurobiological and psychological mechanisms and how these influence developmental processes in ASDs.
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