A scaling relationship for the width of secondary deformation around strike-slip faults

IF 2.7 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Tectonophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI:10.1016/j.tecto.2024.230441
Robert Perrin , Nathaniel Miller , Rachel Lauer , Daniel Brothers
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Abstract

Simple mechanical arguments suggest that slip along interlocked, rough faults, damages surrounding rocks. The same arguments require that the scale of secondary damage is proportional to the size of geometric irregularities along the main fault. This relationship could apply at all scales, but has, so far, been difficult to observe at the 10s to 100 s of km scales of large, natural faults, often because large-scale deformation is distributed across wide, complex plate-boundary fault systems, like the San Andreas Fault. The geometry and geology of another large-scale plate-boundary strike slip fault—the Queen Charlotte Fault (QCF)—is, in contrast, especially simple. Here, we show that observations of secondary deformation are well-aligned with predictions of stress variations caused by geometric irregularities along the QCF, suggesting a geometric relationship between primary fault geometry and secondary deformation. The analytic stress solution reveals that the highest stresses and highest likelihood of failure are confined to a zone of influence (ZOI) with a width quantified by ZOI=λ/2π, where λ is the wavelength of geometric variations along the main fault. This simple model is consistent with ∼100-km-scale observations along the QCF and can theoretically be used to predict the width of secondary deformation at all scales.

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走向滑动断层周围次级变形宽度的比例关系
简单的力学论证表明,沿着交错、粗糙的断层滑动会破坏周围的岩石。同样的论证要求次生破坏的规模与主断层沿线几何不规则的大小成正比。这种关系可能适用于所有尺度,但迄今为止,在大型天然断层的 10 至 100 秒千米尺度上很难观察到,这通常是因为大规模变形分布在宽阔、复杂的板块边界断层系统上,如圣安地列斯断层。相比之下,另一个大尺度板块边界走向滑动断层--夏洛特女王断层(QCF)--的几何形状和地质结构却特别简单。在这里,我们展示了对次生变形的观测结果与对 QCF 沿线几何不规则性引起的应力变化的预测完全一致,这表明主断层几何与次生变形之间存在几何关系。应力解析解显示,最高应力和最大破坏可能性被限制在一个影响区(ZOI)内,其宽度用 ZOI=λ/2π 量化,其中 λ 是沿主断层几何变化的波长。这个简单的模型与沿 QCF ∼ 100 公里尺度的观测结果一致,理论上可用于预测各种尺度的次级变形宽度。
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来源期刊
Tectonophysics
Tectonophysics 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
6.90%
发文量
300
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: The prime focus of Tectonophysics will be high-impact original research and reviews in the fields of kinematics, structure, composition, and dynamics of the solid arth at all scales. Tectonophysics particularly encourages submission of papers based on the integration of a multitude of geophysical, geological, geochemical, geodynamic, and geotectonic methods
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