The function of antibodies.

IF 7.5 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Immunological Reviews Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI:10.1111/imr.13387
Marc Daëron
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Antibodies have multiple biological activities. They can both recognize and act on specific antigens. They can protect against and cause serious diseases, enhance and inhibit antibody responses, enable survival, and threaten life. Which among their many, often antagonistic properties explains that antibodies were selected half a billion years ago and transmitted to mammals across millions of generations? In other words, what is the function of antibodies? Here I examine how their structure endows antibodies with unique cognitive and effector properties that contribute to their multiple biological activities. I show that rather than specific properties, antibodies have large functional repertoires. They have a cognitive repertoire and an effector repertoire that are selected from larger available repertoires, themselves drawn at random from even larger virtual repertoires. These virtual repertoires provide the adaptive immune system with immense, constantly renewed, reservoirs of cognitive and effector functions that can be actualized at any time according to the context. I propose that such a flexibility, which enables living individuals to adapt to a rapidly changing environment, and even deal with an unknown future, may provide a better selective advantage than any particular function.

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抗体的功能。
抗体具有多种生物活性。它们既能识别特定抗原,又能对其发挥作用。它们既能预防疾病,也能导致严重疾病;既能增强抗体反应,也能抑制抗体反应;既能使人存活,也能威胁生命。在抗体的众多特性中,哪种特性往往是对立的,从而解释了为什么抗体在 5 亿年前被选中,并经过数百万代传给哺乳动物?换句话说,抗体的功能是什么?在这里,我将研究抗体的结构如何赋予抗体独特的认知和效应特性,从而促进其多种生物活性。我的研究表明,与其说抗体具有特定的特性,不如说它具有庞大的功能剧目。它们的认知程序集和效应程序集是从更大的可用程序集中挑选出来的,而这些程序集本身又是从更大的虚拟程序集中随机抽取出来的。这些虚拟剧目为适应性免疫系统提供了巨大的、不断更新的认知和效应功能库,可以根据具体情况随时启用。我认为,这种灵活性使生物个体能够适应瞬息万变的环境,甚至应对未知的未来。
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来源期刊
Immunological Reviews
Immunological Reviews 医学-免疫学
CiteScore
16.20
自引率
1.10%
发文量
118
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Immunological Reviews is a specialized journal that focuses on various aspects of immunological research. It encompasses a wide range of topics, such as clinical immunology, experimental immunology, and investigations related to allergy and the immune system. The journal follows a unique approach where each volume is dedicated solely to a specific area of immunological research. However, collectively, these volumes aim to offer an extensive and up-to-date overview of the latest advancements in basic immunology and their practical implications in clinical settings.
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