Long Neurocognitive and Neuropsychiatric Sequelae in Participants with Post-COVID-19 Infection: A Longitudinal Study.

IF 3.2 Q2 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Neurology International Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI:10.3390/neurolint16040064

Marta Almeria, Juan Carlos Cejudo, Joan Deus, Jerzy Krupinski

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Abstract

Objective: To evaluate and characterize the cognitive changes in COVID-19 participants at 6-month follow-up, and to explore a possible association with clinical symptoms, emotional disturbance and disease severity.

Methods: This single-center longitudinal cohort study included participants aged 20 and 60 years old to exclude cognitive impairment age-associated with confirmed COVID-19 infection. The initial evaluation occurred 10 to 30 days after hospital or ambulatory discharge, with a subsequent follow-up at 6 months. Patients who had a history of cognitive impairment, neurological conditions, or serious psychiatric disorders were not included. Information on demographics and laboratory results was gathered from medical records. Cognitive outcomes were assessed with a neuropsychological battery including attention, verbal and visual memory, language and executive function tests.

Results: A total of 200 participants were included in the study, and 108 completed the follow-up visit. At the 6-month follow-up, comparing the means from baseline with those of the follow-up evaluation, significant overall improvement was observed in verbal and visual memory subtests (p = 0.001), processing speed (p = 0.001), executive function (p = 0.028; p = 0.016) and naming (p = 0.001), independently of disease severity and cognitive complaints. Anxiety and depression were significantly higher in groups with Subjective Cognitive Complaints (SCC) compared to those without (p < 0.01 for both).

Conclusions: Persistent symptoms are common regardless of disease severity and are often linked to cognitive complaints. Six months after COVID-19, the most frequently reported symptoms included headache, dyspnea, fatigue, cognitive complaints, anxiety, and depression. No cognitive impairment was found to be associated with the severity of COVID-19. Overall, neuropsychological and psychopathological improvement was observed at 6 months regardless of disease severity and cognitive complaints.

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COVID-19感染后参与者的长期神经认知和神经精神后遗症：纵向研究。

目的评估 COVID-19 参与者在 6 个月随访期间的认知变化并确定其特征，同时探讨其与临床症状、情绪障碍和疾病严重程度之间可能存在的关联：这项单中心纵向队列研究纳入了 20 至 60 岁的参与者，以排除与确诊 COVID-19 感染年龄相关的认知障碍。首次评估在出院后 10 到 30 天进行，随后随访 6 个月。有认知障碍、神经系统疾病或严重精神障碍病史的患者不包括在内。有关人口统计学和实验室结果的信息均来自医疗记录。认知结果通过神经心理学测试进行评估，包括注意力、言语和视觉记忆、语言和执行功能测试：共有 200 名参与者参与了研究，其中 108 人完成了随访。在为期 6 个月的随访中，将基线平均值与随访评估的平均值进行比较，可以观察到言语和视觉记忆子测试（p = 0.001）、处理速度（p = 0.001）、执行功能（p = 0.028；p = 0.016）和命名（p = 0.001）的整体改善效果显著，且不受疾病严重程度和认知主诉的影响。与无主观认知症状组相比，有主观认知症状组的焦虑和抑郁程度明显更高（两者的 p 均小于 0.01）：结论：无论疾病严重程度如何，持续性症状都很常见，而且往往与认知抱怨有关。COVID-19 六个月后，最常报告的症状包括头痛、呼吸困难、疲劳、认知投诉、焦虑和抑郁。没有发现认知障碍与 COVID-19 的严重程度有关。总体而言，无论疾病严重程度和认知症状如何，6 个月后神经心理学和精神病理学均有所改善。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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