Placebo Effects on the Enjoyment of Physical Activity and Performance among Kindergarten Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Marlies Stopper, Albert Wabnegger, Anne Schienle
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Abstract

Studies with adults and school children have shown that placebos can enhance motivation and performance in physical activities. This study aimed to investigate whether similar effects are present in kindergarten-aged children. A total of 101 children (58 girls, 43 boys) aged 3 to 6 years were randomly assigned to one of two groups that either received a deceptive placebo (DP: "magic potion") or a nondeceptive placebo (NDP: "water") to enhance physical abilities. Each child completed three tasks (sprinting; balancing: standing on a balance board; strength: using a handheld dynamometer) both with and without the placebo. The variables assessed included task performance, enjoyment, and expected and perceived placebo efficacy (measured with nonverbal pictorial rating scales). Results showed that both the DP and NDP increased speed. For strength, balance, and task enjoyment (which was very high), no placebo-induced changes were observed. Expected efficacy was higher for the DP; perceived efficacy did not differ between DP and NDP. In conclusion, reported outcome expectations indicated that kindergarten-aged children were already able to differentiate between the two types of placebos which exhibited positive effects concerning running performance. This encourages further research on using nondeceptive placebos to enhance physical activity, which is crucial for children's overall health.

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安慰剂对幼儿园儿童体育活动乐趣和表现的影响:随机对照试验
对成人和学龄儿童的研究表明,安慰剂可以提高体育活动的积极性和表现。本研究旨在探讨安慰剂对幼儿园儿童是否也有类似作用。研究人员将 101 名 3 至 6 岁的儿童(58 名女孩,43 名男孩)随机分配到两组中,一组接受欺骗性安慰剂(DP:"魔药"),另一组接受非欺骗性安慰剂(NDP:"水"),以增强他们的体能。每个孩子在服用和不服用安慰剂的情况下完成三项任务(短跑;平衡:站在平衡板上;力量:使用手持测力计)。评估的变量包括任务表现、乐趣、预期和感知的安慰剂疗效(用非语言图形评分表测量)。结果显示,DP 和 NDP 都能提高速度。在力量、平衡和任务乐趣(非常高)方面,没有观察到安慰剂引起的变化。DP的预期疗效更高;DP和NDP的感知疗效没有差异。总之,报告的预期结果表明,幼儿园儿童已经能够区分两种类型的安慰剂,这两种类型的安慰剂对跑步成绩有积极影响。这鼓励人们进一步研究使用非欺骗性安慰剂来加强体育锻炼,这对儿童的整体健康至关重要。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.40
自引率
12.50%
发文量
111
审稿时长
8 weeks
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