Pelin Tanberg, Myra A Fernandes, Colin M MacLeod, William E Hockley
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
A series of four experiments tested the assumptions of the most prominent and longstanding account of item-method directed forgetting: the selective rehearsal account. In the item-method directed forgetting paradigm, each presented item is followed by its own instructional cue during the study phase - either to-be-forgotten (F) or to-be-remembered (R). On a subsequent test, memory is poorer for F items than for R items. To clarify the mechanism underlying memory performance, we manipulated the time available for rehearsal, examining instructional cue durations of 1 s, 5 s, and 10 s. Experiments 1a and 1b, where the order of cue durations was randomized, showed no effect of cue duration on item recognition of unrelated single words, for either R or F items. Experiment 2, using unrelated word pairs, again showed no effect of randomized cue duration, this time on associative recognition. Experiments 3 and 4 blocked cue duration and showed equivalent increases in recognition of both R and F single words and word pairs with increasing cue duration. We suggest that any post-cue rehearsal is carried out only when cue duration is predictable, and that such limited rehearsal is equally likely for F items and R items. The consistently better memory for R items than for F items across cue duration depends on selective retrieval involving (1) a rapid retrieval check engaged for R items only and (2) a rapid removal process implemented for F items only.
一系列的四项实验检验了项目-方法定向遗忘最著名、最长久的理论假设:选择性重演理论。在项目-方法定向遗忘范式中,在学习阶段,每个呈现的项目后面都有自己的指示线索--待遗忘(F)或待记忆(R)。在随后的测试中,对 F 项目的记忆比对 R 项目的记忆要差。实验 1a 和 1b 中,提示持续时间的顺序是随机的,结果表明提示持续时间对 R 或 F 项目中无关单词的项目识别没有影响。实验 2 使用了不相关的词对,同样显示随机提示持续时间对联想识别没有影响。实验 3 和实验 4 阻断了线索持续时间,结果显示,随着线索持续时间的延长,R 和 F 单词和词对的识别率都有同等程度的提高。我们认为,只有当提示持续时间可预测时,才会进行任何提示后预演,而这种有限的预演对 F 项目和 R 项目的可能性是相同的。在不同的提示持续时间内,对 R 项目的记忆效果始终优于对 F 项目的记忆效果,这取决于选择性检索,其中包括:(1)仅对 R 项目进行快速检索检查;(2)仅对 F 项目实施快速删除程序。
期刊介绍:
Memory & Cognition covers human memory and learning, conceptual processes, psycholinguistics, problem solving, thinking, decision making, and skilled performance, including relevant work in the areas of computer simulation, information processing, mathematical psychology, developmental psychology, and experimental social psychology.