Harnessing nature's defenders: unveiling the potential of microbial consortia for plant defense induction against Alternaria blight in cumin.

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI:10.1007/s12223-024-01191-y

Devendra Singh, Kuldeep Singh Jadon, Aman Verma, Rajesh Kumar Kakani

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Abstract

Present study was aimed to develop an efficient microbial consortium for combating Alternaria blight disease in cumin. The research involved isolating biocontrol agents against Alternaria burnsii, characterizing their biocontrol and growth promotion traits, and assessing compatibility. A pot experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2022-2023 to evaluate the bioefficacy of four biocontrol agents (1F, 16B, 31B, and 223B) individually and in consortium, focusing on disease severity, plant growth promotion, and defense responses in cumin challenged with A. burnsii. Microbial isolates 1F, 16B, 31B, and 223B significantly inhibited A. burnsii growth in dual plate assays (~ 86%), displaying promising biocontrol and plant growth promotion activities. They were identified as Trichoderma afroharzianum 1F, Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus 16B, Pseudomonas lalkuanensis 31B, and Bacillus licheniformis 223B, respectively. The excellent compatibility was observed among all selected biocontrol agents. Cumin plants treated with consortia of 1F + 16B + 31B + 223B showed least percent disease index (32.47%) and highest percent disease control (64.87%). Consortia of biocontrol agents significantly enhanced production of secondary metabolites (total phenol, flavonoids, antioxidant, and tannin) and activation of antioxidant-defense enzymes (POX, PPOX, CAT, SOD, PAL, and TAL) compared to individual biocontrol treatment and infected control. Moreover, consortium treatments effectively reduced electrolyte leakage over the individual biocontrol agent and infected control treatment. The four-microbe consortium significantly enhanced chlorophyll (154%), carotenoid content (88%), plant height (78.77%), dry weight (72.81%), and seed yield (104%) compared to infected control. Based on these findings, this environmentally friendly four-microbe consortium may be recommended for managing Alternaria blight in cumin.

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利用大自然的卫士：揭示微生物联合体在诱导植物防御小茴香交替疫病方面的潜力。

本研究旨在开发一种高效的微生物联合体，用于防治小茴香的交替疫病。研究内容包括分离生物控制剂，鉴定其生物控制和生长促进特性，以及评估兼容性。在 2022-2023 年的蕾期进行了一项盆栽实验，以评估四种生物控制剂（1F、16B、31B 和 223B）单独和组合的生物功效，重点关注小茴香受燃烧疫霉菌侵染后的病害严重程度、植物生长促进作用和防御反应。在双平板试验中，微生物分离物 1F、16B、31B 和 223B 显著抑制了 A. burnsii 的生长（约 86%），显示出良好的生物防治和植物生长促进活性。经鉴定，它们分别是非洲毛霉 1F、动脉炎杆菌 16B、拉宽假单胞菌 31B 和地衣芽孢杆菌 223B。所有选定的生物控制剂之间都具有极好的兼容性。用 1F + 16B + 31B + 223B 联合体处理的小茴香植株病害指数（32.47%）最小，病害控制率（64.87%）最高。与单个生物防治处理和受感染的对照组相比，生物防治剂联合体显著提高了次生代谢物（总酚、类黄酮、抗氧化剂和单宁）的产量和抗氧化防御酶（POX、PPOX、CAT、SOD、PAL 和 TAL）的活化。此外，与单个生物控制剂和受感染的对照组相比，联合处理能有效减少电解质渗漏。与受感染的对照组相比，四微生物联合菌群可显著提高叶绿素（154%）、类胡萝卜素含量（88%）、株高（78.77%）、干重（72.81%）和种子产量（104%）。基于这些研究结果，可以推荐使用这种环境友好型四微生物联合体来管理小茴香的交替丝核菌枯萎病。

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