Sacred journeys and pilgrimages: health risks associated with travels for religious purposes.

IF 9.1 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Journal of travel medicine Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI:10.1093/jtm/taae122
Salim Parker, Robert Steffen, Harunor Rashid, Miguel M Cabada, Ziad A Memish, Philippe Gautret, Cheikh Sokhna, Avinash Sharma, David R Shlim, Eyal Leshem, Dominic E Dwyer, Faris Lami, Santanu Chatterjee, Shuja Shafi, Alimuddin Zumla, Ozayr Mahomed
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Abstract

Background: Pilgrimages and travel to religious Mass Gatherings (MGs) are part of all major religions. This narrative review aims to describe some characteristics, including health risks, of the more well known and frequently undertaken ones.

Methods: A literature search was conducted using keywords related to the characteristics (frequency of occurrence, duration, calendar period, reasons behind their undertaking and the common health risks) of Christian, Muslim, Hindu, Buddhist and Jewish religious MGs.

Results: About 600 million trips are undertaken to religious sites annually. The characteristics varies between religions and between pilgrimages. However, religious MGs share common health risks, but these are reported in a heterogenous manner. European Christian pilgrimages reported both communicable diseases, such as norovirus outbreaks linked to the Marian Shrine of Lourdes in France, and noncommunicable diseases (NCD). NCD predominated at the Catholic pilgrimage to the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Mexico, which documented 11 million attendees in one week. The Zion Christian Church Easter gathering in South Africa, attended by about 10 million pilgrims, reported mostly motor vehicles accidents. Muslim pilgrimages, such as the Arbaeen (20 million pilgrims) and Hajj documented a high incidence of respiratory tract infections, up to 80% during Hajj. Heat injuries and stampedes have been associated with Hajj. The Hindu Kumbh Mela pilgrimage, which attracted 100 million pilgrims in 2013, documented respiratory conditions in 70% of consultations. A deadly stampede occurred at the 2021 Jewish Lag BaOmer MG.

Conclusion: Communicable and NCD differ among the different religious MGs. Gaps exists in the surveillance, reporting, and data accessibility of health risks associated with religious MGs. A need exists for the uniform implementation of a system of real-time monitoring of diseases and morbidity patterns, utilising standardised modern information-sharing platforms. The health needs of pilgrims can then be prioritised by developing specific and appropriate guidelines.

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神圣之旅和朝圣:与宗教旅行有关的健康风险。
背景:朝圣和参加宗教弥撒(MGs)是所有主要宗教的一部分。这篇叙述性综述旨在描述一些众所周知且经常举行的弥撒的特点,包括健康风险:方法:使用与基督教、穆斯林、印度教、佛教和犹太教宗教集会的特点(发生频率、持续时间、日历期间、举行集会的原因以及常见的健康风险)相关的关键词进行文献检索:结果:每年约有 6 亿人次前往宗教场所。不同宗教和不同朝圣地的特点各不相同。然而,宗教朝圣活动具有共同的健康风险,但报告的方式却不尽相同。欧洲基督教朝圣活动既报告了传染病,如与法国卢尔德圣母圣殿有关的诺如病毒爆发,也报告了非传染性疾病(NCD)。非传染性疾病在墨西哥瓜达卢佩圣母大教堂天主教朝圣活动中占主导地位,据记录,一周内有 1,100 万人参加了朝圣活动。南非锡安基督教会的复活节聚会约有 1 000 万名朝圣者参加,报告的事故主要是机动车事故。穆斯林朝圣,如阿尔巴恩朝圣(2000 万朝圣者)和朝觐,呼吸道感染的发病率很高,朝觐期间高达 80%。热伤害和踩踏事件也与朝觐有关。2013 年,印度教 Kumbh Mela 朝圣活动吸引了 1 亿朝圣者,据记录,70% 的就诊者患有呼吸道疾病。在 2021 年的犹太教 Lag BaOmer MG 上发生了致命的踩踏事件:传染病和非传染性疾病在不同宗教的旅游景点有所不同。与宗教活动相关的健康风险在监测、报告和数据获取方面存在差距。有必要利用标准化的现代信息共享平台,统一实施疾病和发病模式实时监测系统。然后,可以通过制定具体和适当的指导方针,优先考虑朝圣者的健康需求。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of travel medicine
Journal of travel medicine 医学-医学:内科
CiteScore
20.90
自引率
5.10%
发文量
143
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Travel Medicine is a publication that focuses on travel medicine and its intersection with other disciplines. It publishes cutting-edge research, consensus papers, policy papers, and expert reviews. The journal is affiliated with the Asia Pacific Travel Health Society. The journal's main areas of interest include the prevention and management of travel-associated infections, non-communicable diseases, vaccines, malaria prevention and treatment, multi-drug resistant pathogens, and surveillance on all individuals crossing international borders. The Journal of Travel Medicine is indexed in multiple major indexing services, including Adis International Ltd., CABI, EBSCOhost, Elsevier BV, Gale, Journal Watch Infectious Diseases (Online), MetaPress, National Library of Medicine, OCLC, Ovid, ProQuest, Thomson Reuters, and the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
期刊最新文献
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