MSKI reduction strategies: evidence-based interventions to reduce musculoskeletal injuries in military service members.

IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Bmj Military Health Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI:10.1136/military-2024-002747
Hans Christian Tingelstad, E Robitaille, T J O'Leary, M-A Laroche, P Larsen, T Reilly
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Abstract

Musculoskeletal injuries (MSKI) are one of the biggest challenges for military services globally, contributing to substantial financial burdens and lost training and working days. Effective evidence-based intervention strategies are essential to reduce MSKI incidence, and research has shown the positive effect of both nutritional interventions and physical training (PT) interventions on reducing MSKI incidence. Levels of vitamin D metabolites have been associated with MSKI and bone stress fracture risk, while calcium and vitamin D supplementation has been shown to reduce the incidence of stress fractures during military training. Protein and carbohydrate supplementation during arduous military training (high volume, high intensity) has also been shown to reduce MSKI risk and the number of limited/missed duty days. PT has played a key role in soldier development to meet the occupational demands of serving in the armed forces. Paradoxically, while PT is fundamental to enhancing soldier readiness, PT can also be a major contributor to MSKI; emerging evidence suggests that the nature of the PT being performed is a risk factor for MSKI. However, strategies like reducing training load and implementing PT programmes using evidence-based training principles can reduce MSKI incidence among military service members by 33-62%, and reduce the financial burdens for military services. This review provides a summary of effective MSKI reduction interventions and provides strategies to enhance the success and adoption of such interventions.

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减少 MSKI 战略:减少军人肌肉骨骼损伤的循证干预措施。
肌肉骨骼损伤(MSKI)是全球军事部门面临的最大挑战之一,造成了巨大的经济负担以及训练和工作日的损失。有效的循证干预策略对降低 MSKI 发病率至关重要,研究表明营养干预和体育训练(PT)干预对降低 MSKI 发病率有积极作用。维生素 D 代谢物的水平与 MSKI 和骨应力性骨折风险有关,而钙和维生素 D 补充剂已被证明可降低军事训练期间应力性骨折的发生率。在艰苦的军事训练(大运动量、高强度)期间补充蛋白质和碳水化合物也被证明可降低 MSKI 风险和有限/缺勤天数。体育训练在士兵成长过程中发挥了关键作用,以满足在武装部队服役的职业需求。矛盾的是,虽然训练是提高士兵战备状态的基础,但训练也可能是导致 MSKI 的主要因素;新出现的证据表明,所进行的训练的性质是 MSKI 的一个风险因素。然而,减少训练负荷和采用循证训练原则实施训练计划等策略可将军人的 MSKI 发病率降低 33-62%,并减轻军方的经济负担。本综述总结了减少 MSKI 的有效干预措施,并提供了提高成功率和采用此类干预措施的策略。
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来源期刊
Bmj Military Health
Bmj Military Health MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL-
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
20.00%
发文量
116
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