Microproteins unveiling new dimensions in cancer

IF 3.9 4区 生物学 Q1 GENETICS & HEREDITY Functional & Integrative Genomics Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI:10.1007/s10142-024-01426-8
S. Daisy Precilla, Indrani Biswas, T. S. Anitha, B. Agieshkumar
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Abstract

In the complex landscape of cancer biology, the discovery of microproteins has triggered a paradigm shift, thereby, challenging the conventional conceptions of gene regulation. Though overlooked for years, these entities encoded by the small open reading frames (100–150 codons), have a significant impact on various cellular processes. As precision medicine pioneers delve deeper into the genome and proteome, microproteins have come into the limelight. Typically characterized by a single protein domain that directly binds to the target protein complex and regulates their assembly, these microproteins have been shown to play a key role in fundamental biological processes such as RNA processing, DNA repair, and metabolism regulation. Techniques for identification and characterization, such as ribosome profiling and proteogenomic approaches, have unraveled unique mechanisms by which these microproteins regulate cell signaling or pathological processes in most diseases including cancer. However, the functional relevance of these microproteins in cancer remains unclear. In this context, the current review aims to “rethink the essence of these genes” and explore “how these hidden players-microproteins orchestrate the signaling cascades of cancer, both as accelerators and brakes.”.

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微蛋白揭示癌症新领域
在复杂的癌症生物学领域,微蛋白的发现引发了范式的转变,从而对基因调控的传统概念提出了挑战。虽然多年来一直被忽视,但这些由小的开放阅读框(100-150 个密码子)编码的实体对各种细胞过程有着重大影响。随着精准医疗先驱们对基因组和蛋白质组的深入研究,微小蛋白开始受到关注。这些微小蛋白的典型特征是具有单个蛋白结构域,可直接与目标蛋白复合物结合并调节其组装,它们已被证明在 RNA 处理、DNA 修复和新陈代谢调节等基本生物过程中发挥着关键作用。核糖体分析和蛋白质基因组学方法等鉴定和表征技术揭示了这些微蛋白调节细胞信号或包括癌症在内的大多数疾病的病理过程的独特机制。然而,这些微蛋白在癌症中的功能相关性仍不清楚。在此背景下,本综述旨在 "重新思考这些基因的本质",并探索 "这些隐藏的角色--微量蛋白如何协调癌症信号级联,既是加速器又是制动器"。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
3.40%
发文量
92
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Functional & Integrative Genomics is devoted to large-scale studies of genomes and their functions, including systems analyses of biological processes. The journal will provide the research community an integrated platform where researchers can share, review and discuss their findings on important biological questions that will ultimately enable us to answer the fundamental question: How do genomes work?
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