Factors influencing the reporting of medication errors and near misses among nurses: A systematic mixed methods review

Abstract

Aim

This study aimed to systematically review empirical evidence on factors influencing nurses to report medication errors and near misses.

Background

There is underreporting of medication errors among nurses, in particular among novice and beginner nurses. To improve quality of care, factors influencing the reporting of medication errors and near misses should be documented.

Method

A systematic mixed methods review was conducted. CINAHL, Cochrane Collaboration, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases were explored and analysed from December 1990 to December 2023. Two reviewers independently selected and extracted data using a standardized data extraction grid. Data were analysed using thematic analysis based on the adapted theory of planned behaviour.

Results

Forty-two studies met the eligibility criteria. Principal factors influencing the reporting of medication errors and near misses among nurses were associated with perceived behavioural control, subjective norm and attitude. Few studies examined factors influencing reporting medication errors and near misses among novice and beginner nurses, and sociodemographic and professional factors.

Conclusion

To understand factors influencing reporting of medication errors and near misses, further studies should be conducted to investigate sociodemographic and professional factors.