The role of collagen and crystallinity in the physicochemical properties of naturally derived bone grafts.

IF 5.6 1区 医学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS Regenerative Biomaterials Pub Date : 2024-08-14 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1093/rb/rbae093
Øystein Øvrebø, Luca Orlando, Kristaps Rubenis, Luca Ciriello, Qianli Ma, Zoe Giorgi, Stefano Tognoni, Dagnija Loca, Tomaso Villa, Liebert P Nogueira, Filippo Rossi, Håvard J Haugen, Giuseppe Perale
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Abstract

Xenografts are commonly used for bone regeneration in dental and orthopaedic domains to repair bone voids and other defects. The first-generation xenografts were made through sintering, which deproteinizes them and alters their crystallinity, while later xenografts are produced using cold-temperature chemical treatments to maintain the structural collagen phase. However, the impact of collagen and the crystalline phase on physicochemical properties have not been elucidated. We hypothesized that understanding these factors could explain why the latter provides improved bone regeneration clinically. In this study, we compared two types of xenografts, one prepared through a low-temperature chemical process (Treated) and another subsequently sintered at 1100°C (Sintered) using advanced microscopy, spectroscopy, X-ray analysis and compressive testing. Our investigation showed that the Treated bone graft was free of residual blood, lipids or cell debris, mitigating the risk of pathogen transmission. Meanwhile, the sintering process removed collagen and the carbonate phase of the Sintered graft, leaving only calcium phosphate and increased mineral crystallinity. Microcomputed tomography revealed that the Treated graft exhibited an increased high porosity (81%) and pore size compared to untreated bone, whereas the Sintered graft exhibited shrinkage, which reduced the porosity (72%), pore size and strut size. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy displayed crack formation around the pores of the Sintered graft. The Treated graft displayed median mechanical properties comparable to native cancellous bone and clinically available solutions, with an apparent modulus of 166 MPa, yield stress of 5.5 MPa and yield strain of 4.9%. In contrast, the Sintered graft exhibited a lower median apparent modulus of 57 MPa. It failed in a brittle manner at a median stress of 1.7 MPa and strain level of 2.9%, demonstrating the structural importance of the collagen phase. This indicates why bone grafts prepared through cold-temperature processes are clinically favourable.

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胶原蛋白和结晶度在天然骨移植物理化特性中的作用。
异种移植物通常用于牙科和整形外科领域的骨再生,以修复骨空洞和其他缺损。第一代异种移植物是通过烧结制成的,烧结会使异种移植物脱蛋白并改变其结晶度,而后来的异种移植物是通过低温化学处理制成的,以保持胶原蛋白的结构相。然而,胶原蛋白和结晶相对理化性质的影响尚未阐明。我们假设,了解这些因素可以解释为什么后者能在临床上改善骨再生。在这项研究中,我们使用先进的显微镜、光谱学、X 射线分析和抗压测试,比较了两种异种移植物,一种是通过低温化学工艺制备的(Treated),另一种是随后在 1100°C 烧结的(Sintered)。我们的调查显示,经过处理的骨移植体没有残留血液、脂质或细胞碎片,从而降低了病原体传播的风险。同时,烧结过程去除了烧结移植骨中的胶原蛋白和碳酸盐相,只留下磷酸钙和增加的矿物结晶度。显微计算机断层扫描显示,与未经处理的骨骼相比,处理过的移植物显示出更高的孔隙率(81%)和孔径,而烧结过的移植物则显示出收缩,孔隙率(72%)、孔径和支柱尺寸都有所减少。此外,扫描电子显微镜显示烧结移植物的孔隙周围有裂纹形成。经处理的移植物显示出与本地松质骨和临床可用溶液相当的中值机械性能,表观模量为 166 兆帕,屈服应力为 5.5 兆帕,屈服应变为 4.9%。相比之下,烧结移植物的表观模量中值较低,仅为 57 兆帕。它在中值应力为 1.7 兆帕和应变水平为 2.9% 时以脆性方式失效,这表明了胶原相在结构方面的重要性。这说明了为什么通过低温工艺制备的骨移植物在临床上很受欢迎。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Regenerative Biomaterials
Regenerative Biomaterials Materials Science-Biomaterials
CiteScore
7.90
自引率
16.40%
发文量
92
审稿时长
10 weeks
期刊介绍: Regenerative Biomaterials is an international, interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed journal publishing the latest advances in biomaterials and regenerative medicine. The journal provides a forum for the publication of original research papers, reviews, clinical case reports, and commentaries on the topics relevant to the development of advanced regenerative biomaterials concerning novel regenerative technologies and therapeutic approaches for the regeneration and repair of damaged tissues and organs. The interactions of biomaterials with cells and tissue, especially with stem cells, will be of particular focus.
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