Optimization of Organic Acid Concentrations in Calcium Gluconate–Enriched Cola Soft Drink Using Response Surface Methodology

Abstract

The research is aimed at addressing concerns regarding the health implications of increased cola consumption by developing a healthier alternative. This was achieved by replacing phosphoric acid with organic acidulants (citric acid (CA), lactic acid (LA), and tartaric acid (TA)) and enriching the drink with calcium gluconate salt. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed as a statistical optimization tool to ensure the formulation met predefined criteria for physicochemical and sensory parameters. The optimized cola drink formulation consisted of 0.07% CA, 0.05% TA, and 0.04% LA, along with calcium gluconate. The physicochemical analysis revealed a pH of 3.36, an acidity of 7.72%, a reducing sugar (glucose) content of 4.46%, and a Brix value of 12.7°. Sensory evaluation indicated high overall acceptability with a hedonic score of 7.08, suggesting that the optimized cola drink with improved qualitative characteristics could serve as a desirable option for consumers seeking healthier beverage choices. Further studies could explore its long-term health effects and market feasibility.