{"title":"Abnormal Structure and Function of Parietal Lobe in Individuals With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Systematic Review Study.","authors":"Vahid Nejati, Elnaz Ghayerin","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2022.2843.1","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Abnormal brain structure and function have been reported in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study investigated the parietal lobe structure and function alteration in individuals with ADHD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this systematic review, we searched English papers in accordance with the PRISMA (the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) approach. Studies were published between January 2010 and May 2021. Our search was conducted in two parts. Our first search was in July 2020, and our final search was in June 2021. A literature search identified 20 empirical experiments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies generally reported low activity and poor connectivity; structural MRI studies reported less gray matter in this lobe, and an echo study reported atrophy. In addition, electroencephalographic studies reported less connectivity of the parietal lobes in ADHD. Furthermore, the transcranial direct current stimulation intervention has shown that activation of this lobe improves attention and executive functions in children with ADHD. Finally, a deep transcranial magnetic stimulation study has demonstrated that activation of this lobe improves working memory.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Functional and structural alteration of the parietal cortex has been reported in ADHD, which has a causal relationship with cognitive impairments. In sum, all included studies reported abnormal structure, function, or connectivity of the parietal lobe or improvement of cognitive functions with parietal lobe stimulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"15 2","pages":"147-156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11367218/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.32598/bcn.2022.2843.1","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"NEUROSCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Introduction: Abnormal brain structure and function have been reported in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study investigated the parietal lobe structure and function alteration in individuals with ADHD.
Methods: In this systematic review, we searched English papers in accordance with the PRISMA (the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) approach. Studies were published between January 2010 and May 2021. Our search was conducted in two parts. Our first search was in July 2020, and our final search was in June 2021. A literature search identified 20 empirical experiments.
Results: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies generally reported low activity and poor connectivity; structural MRI studies reported less gray matter in this lobe, and an echo study reported atrophy. In addition, electroencephalographic studies reported less connectivity of the parietal lobes in ADHD. Furthermore, the transcranial direct current stimulation intervention has shown that activation of this lobe improves attention and executive functions in children with ADHD. Finally, a deep transcranial magnetic stimulation study has demonstrated that activation of this lobe improves working memory.
Conclusion: Functional and structural alteration of the parietal cortex has been reported in ADHD, which has a causal relationship with cognitive impairments. In sum, all included studies reported abnormal structure, function, or connectivity of the parietal lobe or improvement of cognitive functions with parietal lobe stimulation.
期刊介绍：
BCN is an international multidisciplinary journal that publishes editorials, original full-length research articles, short communications, reviews, methodological papers, commentaries, perspectives and “news and reports” in the broad fields of developmental, molecular, cellular, system, computational, behavioral, cognitive, and clinical neuroscience. No area in the neural related sciences is excluded from consideration, although priority is given to studies that provide applied insights into the functioning of the nervous system. BCN aims to advance our understanding of organization and function of the nervous system in health and disease, thereby improving the diagnosis and treatment of neural-related disorders. Manuscripts submitted to BCN should describe novel results generated by experiments that were guided by clearly defined aims or hypotheses. BCN aims to provide serious ties in interdisciplinary communication, accessibility to a broad readership inside Iran and the region and also in all other international academic sites, effective peer review process, and independence from all possible non-scientific interests. BCN also tries to empower national, regional and international collaborative networks in the field of neuroscience in Iran, Middle East, Central Asia and North Africa and to be the voice of the Iranian and regional neuroscience community in the world of neuroscientists. In this way, the journal encourages submission of editorials, review papers, commentaries, methodological notes and perspectives that address this scope.
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