Normal fault localization controls during syn- and post-orogenic extension affecting thin-skinned architecture

IF 2.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of Structural Geology Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI:10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105243
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Abstract

Balanced cross sections through thrustbelts affected by post-orogenic extension reveal that normal faults are mostly developed in the backlimbs of pre-existing, asymmetric, fault-propagation and detachment folds. Outcrop study, geological cross section balancing, reflection seismic interpretation and numerical modeling in the Eastern Balkans indicate that the nucleation of these normal faults is affected by the occurrence of plastic strain zones in backlimbs, represented by clusters of small-scale dilatant shear fractures. Thrustbelt segments where these zones did not evolve into thrust faults and became passively rotated into steeper geometries are prone to normal fault development during post-orogenic extension. Instead of developing its own precursor fracture clusters, each normal fault of this type nucleates using pre-existing clusters as a shortcut in its development. Rare occurrences of post-orogenic extension-driven faults, which reactivate entire pre-existing thrust fault ramps or develop in fold forelimbs indicate the existence of other parameters that co-control the development of normal faults in this setting. These parameters include thrustbelt topography as well as variations in décollement geometry and frictional properties.

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影响薄层结构的同步成因和后成因延伸过程中的正断层定位控制
受后成因延伸影响的推力带的平衡横断面显示,正断层大多发育在已存在的非对称、断层扩展和剥离褶皱的后缘。在东巴尔干地区进行的露头研究、地质横截面平衡、反射地震解释和数值建模表明,这些正断层的成核受到后缘塑性应变区的影响,这些塑性应变区以小尺度扩张剪切断裂群为代表。这些区域没有演化成推断断层,而是被动旋转成较陡的几何形状的推断带区段,在后成因延伸过程中容易形成正断层。这种类型的每条正断层不是自己形成前驱断裂群,而是利用先前存在的断裂群作为发育的捷径。成因后延伸驱动断层的罕见情况,即重新激活整个原已存在的推断断层斜坡或在褶皱前缘发育,表明在这种情况下存在着共同控制正常断层发育的其他参数。这些参数包括推力带地形以及褶皱几何形状和摩擦特性的变化。
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来源期刊
Journal of Structural Geology
Journal of Structural Geology 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
6.00
自引率
19.40%
发文量
192
审稿时长
15.7 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Structural Geology publishes process-oriented investigations about structural geology using appropriate combinations of analog and digital field data, seismic reflection data, satellite-derived data, geometric analysis, kinematic analysis, laboratory experiments, computer visualizations, and analogue or numerical modelling on all scales. Contributions are encouraged to draw perspectives from rheology, rock mechanics, geophysics,metamorphism, sedimentology, petroleum geology, economic geology, geodynamics, planetary geology, tectonics and neotectonics to provide a more powerful understanding of deformation processes and systems. Given the visual nature of the discipline, supplementary materials that portray the data and analysis in 3-D or quasi 3-D manners, including the use of videos, and/or graphical abstracts can significantly strengthen the impact of contributions.
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