Cerebrospinal fluid in the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: an update of the literature.

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI:10.1080/14737175.2024.2400683

Tina Milos, Barbara Vuic, Nikola Balic, Vladimir Farkas, Gordana Nedic Erjavec, Dubravka Svob Strac, Matea Nikolac Perkovic, Nela Pivac

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Abstract

Introduction: The importance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis is rapidly increasing, and there is a growing interest in the use of CSF biomarkers in monitoring the response to therapy, especially in the light of newly available approaches to the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.

Areas covered: In this review we discuss the most relevant measures of neurodegeneration that are being used to distinguish patients with AD from healthy controls and individuals with mild cognitive impairment, in order to provide an overview of the latest information available in the scientific literature. We focus on markers related to amyloid processing, markers associated with neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation, neuroaxonal injury and degeneration, synaptic loss and dysfunction, and markers of α-synuclein pathology.

Expert opinion: In addition to neuropsychological evaluation, core CSF biomarkers (Aβ₄₂, t-tau, and p-tau181) have been recommended for improvement of timely, accurate and differential diagnosis of AD, as well as to assess the risk and rate of disease progression. In addition to the core CSF biomarkers, various other markers related to synaptic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and glial activation (neurogranin, SNAP-25, Nfl, YKL-40, TREM2) are now investigated and have yet to be validated for future potential clinical use in AD diagnosis.

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阿尔茨海默病鉴别诊断中的脑脊液：文献更新。

简介：脑脊液（CSF）生物标志物在阿尔茨海默病（AD）诊断中的重要性正在迅速增加，人们对使用脑脊液生物标志物监测治疗反应的兴趣也日益浓厚，特别是考虑到治疗神经退行性疾病的新方法：在这篇综述中，我们讨论了用于区分注意力缺失症患者与健康对照组和轻度认知障碍患者的最相关的神经变性指标，以提供科学文献中的最新信息概览。我们重点关注与淀粉样蛋白处理相关的标记物、与神经纤维缠结相关的标记物、神经炎症、神经轴损伤和变性、突触缺失和功能障碍以及α-突触核蛋白病理学标记物：除神经心理学评估外，已推荐使用核心 CSF 生物标志物（Aβ42、t-tau 和 p-tau181）来提高 AD 诊断的及时性、准确性和鉴别性，以及评估疾病进展的风险和速度。除了核心 CSF 生物标志物外，目前还在研究与突触功能障碍、神经炎症和神经胶质细胞活化（神经粒蛋白、SNAP-25、Nfl、YKL-40、TREM2）有关的其他各种标志物，这些标志物尚未得到验证，未来可能用于 AD 的临床诊断。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics Medicine-Neurology (clinical)

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

2.30%

发文量

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics (ISSN 1473-7175) provides expert reviews on the use of drugs and medicines in clinical neurology and neuropsychiatry. Coverage includes disease management, new medicines and drugs in neurology, therapeutic indications, diagnostics, medical treatment guidelines and neurological diseases such as stroke, epilepsy, Alzheimer''s and Parkinson''s. Comprehensive coverage in each review is complemented by the unique Expert Review format and includes the following sections: Expert Opinion - a personal view of the data presented in the article, a discussion on the developments that are likely to be important in the future, and the avenues of research likely to become exciting as further studies yield more detailed results Article Highlights – an executive summary of the author’s most critical points

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