The emerging role of SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) in epigenetic regulation of host gene expression.

IF 10.1 2区 生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY FEMS microbiology reviews Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI:10.1093/femsre/fuae023
Konstantin I Ivanov, Haibin Yang, Ruixue Sun, Chunmei Li, Deyin Guo
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Abstract

Infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes widespread changes in epigenetic modifications and chromatin architecture in the host cell. Recent evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) plays an important role in driving these changes. Previously thought to be primarily involved in host translation shutoff and cellular mRNA degradation, nsp1 has now been shown to be a truly multifunctional protein that affects host gene expression at multiple levels. The functions of nsp1 are surprisingly diverse and include not only the downregulation of cellular mRNA translation and stability, but also the inhibition of mRNA export from the nucleus, the suppression of host immune signaling, and, most recently, the epigenetic regulation of host gene expression. In this review, we first summarize the current knowledge on SARS-CoV-2-induced changes in epigenetic modifications and chromatin structure. We then focus on the role of nsp1 in epigenetic reprogramming, with a particular emphasis on the silencing of immune-related genes. Finally, we discuss potential molecular mechanisms underlying the epigenetic functions of nsp1 based on evidence from SARS-CoV-2 interactome studies.

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SARS-CoV-2 非结构蛋白 1 (nsp1) 在宿主基因表达的表观遗传调控中的新作用。
感染严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2(SARS-CoV-2)会导致宿主细胞的表观遗传修饰和染色质结构发生广泛变化。最近的证据表明,SARS-CoV-2 非结构蛋白 1(nsp1)在驱动这些变化方面发挥了重要作用。以前人们认为 nsp1 主要参与宿主翻译的关闭和细胞 mRNA 的降解,现在证明它是一种真正的多功能蛋白,在多个水平上影响宿主基因的表达。nsp1 的功能出奇地多样,不仅包括下调细胞 mRNA 翻译和稳定性,还包括抑制 mRNA 从细胞核输出、抑制宿主免疫信号转导,以及最近的宿主基因表达表观遗传调控。在这篇综述中,我们首先总结了目前有关 SARS-CoV-2 诱导的表观遗传修饰和染色质结构变化的知识。然后,我们重点讨论了 nsp1 在表观遗传重编程中的作用,特别强调了免疫相关基因的沉默。最后,我们根据 SARS-CoV-2 交互组研究的证据,讨论了 nsp1 表观遗传功能的潜在分子机制。
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来源期刊
FEMS microbiology reviews
FEMS microbiology reviews 生物-微生物学
CiteScore
17.50
自引率
0.90%
发文量
45
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Title: FEMS Microbiology Reviews Journal Focus: Publishes reviews covering all aspects of microbiology not recently surveyed Reviews topics of current interest Provides comprehensive, critical, and authoritative coverage Offers new perspectives and critical, detailed discussions of significant trends May contain speculative and selective elements Aimed at both specialists and general readers Reviews should be framed within the context of general microbiology and biology Submission Criteria: Manuscripts should not be unevaluated compilations of literature Lectures delivered at symposia must review the related field to be acceptable
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